Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: Debian

How To Setup Your Own VPN With PPTP on Linux (CentOS, Ubuntu, Debian)

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<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 39px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 21px 0px 0px;">
<u><span style="color: red;">Setup Your Own VPN With PPTP on Linux</span></u></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A virtual private network (VPN) is network that extends a private network (i.e. LAN) across a public network, such as the Internet. It enables a communications between computers and devices across shared or public networks as if it were directly connected to the private network, while benefiting from the functionality, security and management policies of the private network.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<h3 id="server-side-setup-and-configuration" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Server side setup and configuration</u></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The most popular VPN solutions are OpenVPN and PPTP. We will use PPTP. Before we proceed and setup our own VPN network, we should have one computer that will be the VPN server. That computer will be responsible for assigning IP addresses to the clients, establishing initial connection between the clients or between client and the server, handling the security protocols and users/clients authentication. In order to install PPTP we will execute the following command:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># apt-get install pptpd
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Alternatively, if we are using <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS</a> we should execute:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># rpm -i http://poptop.sourceforge.net/yum/stable/rhel6/pptp-release-current.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install pptpd
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Next step is to edit the default configuration file <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/pptpd.conf</span></code>, using our favourite editor and add the following lines:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">localip 172.16.0.1
remoteip 172.16.0.100-200
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In this case, 172.16.0.1 is the IP that will be used inside the VPN by the VPN server, and An IP from the range 172.16.0.100-200 will be assigned to each client that will be authenticated.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now we need to add new users. The file that contains the users and their password is <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/ppp/chap-secrets</span></code>. The client should be entered with the following information in the following order:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># client        server  secret                  IP addresses
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In order to create new client called <span style="color: red;"><code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">client1</code> </span>that will be able to use the <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">pptpd</code> server from any location using the password <span style="color: red;"><code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">password1</code> </span>we should add the following line, in the following case, the asterisk means that anyone IP address can use that login information:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">client1  pptpd    password1   *
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The last thing that we need to do before starting our VPN server is to add DNS server. We can add the DNS servers provided by or internet provider or we can use Google DNS servers and insert them in the file.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">ms-dns 8.8.8.8
ms-dns 8.8.4.4
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now we can start the pptpd daemon using the command:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">service pptpd start
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In order to verify that it is running and listening for incoming connections, we should execute:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">netstat -alpn | grep pptp
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The output should look something like this:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:1723            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      20934/pptpd
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    5992346  20934/pptpd
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In order for VPN server to work properly and be able to forward the requests we should make sure that the following line exists in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/systl.conf</span></code>.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If it doesn’t exist, we need to add it and then apply the configuration using the following command:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">sysctl -p
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If we want the clients to be able to communicate to each other inside the VPN network we should create the following <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">iptables</code> rules:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE && iptables-save
# iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface ppp0 -j
# iptables -I INPUT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -i ppp0 -j ACCEPT
# iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface eth0 -j ACCEPT
</code></pre>
<h3 id="client-side-setup-and-configuration" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Client side setup and configuration</u></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In order for a client computer to be able to connect to our VPN server, we should install the PPTP client using the following command (the first one is for <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/centos7" target="_blank">CentOS</a>, the second is for <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Debian" target="_blank">Debian</a>/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a>):</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># yum -y install pptp
# apt-get install pptp-linux
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The VPN client request the ppp_mppe module, so we need to load it:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># modprobe ppp_mppe
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Client configuration should be created in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/ppp/peers/</span></code> folder. In order to configure the parameters for the server we want to use, we should create the configuration file using our favorite editor and set the following parameters (we are at <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">client1</code> now):</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">pty "pptp  --nolaunchpppd"
name client1
password password1
remotename PPTP
require-mope-128
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If our config files in the example above, was named <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/ppp/peers/vpnserver</span></code>, then in order to start the client and connect to the VPN server we should execute:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># pppd call vpnserver
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After starting the client, check the log files for possible errors or successful connection info using the following command:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># cat /var/log/syslog | grep pptp
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We should explicitly set proper routing for the VPN traffic on our clients:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">ip route add 172.16.0.0/16 dev ppp0
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Once this is done, we can repeat the procedure and add more client and they will all be able to communicate to each other inside secured virtual private network. The computer can communicate using any protocol or service, such as HTTP, SMTP, telnet, MySQL, FTP etc. PPTP server doesn’t demand high usage of CPU resources, but still, all traffic is 128-bit encrypted. This provides decent level of security and protection for our sensitive data and information.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
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How To Setup Your Own VPN With PPTP on Linux (CentOS, Ubuntu, Debian)

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# ee update</span></code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">This concludes the easy part, installation and configuration. According to EasyEngine created, the hardest part is the create WordPress page with high traffic and heavy enough to crash it. So, you can give it a try on your VPS.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
</div>

How To Install and Use EasyEngine (ee) on Ubuntu

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How to Setup DKIM (DomainKeys) with Postfix on Ubuntu and Debian

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: red;"><u><i>Setup DKIM (DomainKeys) with Postfix on Ubuntu & Debian</i></u></span></h2>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>DomainKeys Identified Mail </b>(<b>DKIM</b>) is an email authentication method designed to detect email spoofing by providing a mechanism to allow receiving mail exchangers to check that incoming mail from a domain is authorized by that domain's administrators.In technical terms, DKIM is a </span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwKpIQ7e4ZfTIYX-ozR6kYqk2ktJG9tC1Sy0ExOC0SVnE_QHF06sQMyG99K5qBE0zelXXTgSaxcWTwcT3y5R9qK6iDeW7YqcStisuexkfPN8xVXrSSIimoE6wxaQN8nwx3GgmlY4rMRa1f/s1600/DKIM_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwKpIQ7e4ZfTIYX-ozR6kYqk2ktJG9tC1Sy0ExOC0SVnE_QHF06sQMyG99K5qBE0zelXXTgSaxcWTwcT3y5R9qK6iDeW7YqcStisuexkfPN8xVXrSSIimoE6wxaQN8nwx3GgmlY4rMRa1f/s400/DKIM_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">technique to authorize a domain to associate its name to an email message through cryptographic authentication.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 1: Install opendkim Package</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First we need to install <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">opendkim </span>and <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">opendkim-tools</span> packages using following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">$ sudo apt-get install opendkim opendkim-tools
</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2: Generate Key Pair</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now create DKIM key pair using <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">opendkim-genkey</span> command line utility. For this tutorial we are using domain name “hackthesec.co.in”, Change this name with your actual domain name.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">$ MYDOMAIN=hackthesec.co.in
$ mkdir -p /etc/mail/dkim-keys/$MYDOMAIN
$ cd /etc/mail/dkim-keys/$MYDOMAIN
$ opendkim-genkey -t -s mail -d $MYDOMAIN</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPTFZaq35Oimo_cHciUg7ZF3kszjskssH0TnQ2AZzmi9gnQmqWwhPqxMd8m_A3lV6sz5LAjuxKwxKZUL1Doej930ZnwmngXYrlWmgFLTXR1r8tySIZlhHdRxtE_cgmh2N3s7uQI7wvIrSL/s1600/Generate_Key+_Pair_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPTFZaq35Oimo_cHciUg7ZF3kszjskssH0TnQ2AZzmi9gnQmqWwhPqxMd8m_A3lV6sz5LAjuxKwxKZUL1Doej930ZnwmngXYrlWmgFLTXR1r8tySIZlhHdRxtE_cgmh2N3s7uQI7wvIrSL/s640/Generate_Key+_Pair_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Above command will generate two files <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">default.private</span> and <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">default.txt</span>. You can created multiple DKIM keys for different-2 domains and configure with your postfix server.</span></div>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Configure DKIM and POSTFIX</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First edit the domain keys lists setting file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/mail/dkim.key</span> and add following entry.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">*@hackthesec.co.in:<span style="line-height: 1.3em;">hackthesec.co.in</span></span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">:/etc/mail/dkim-keys/hackthesec.co.in/default.private</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Edit DKIM configuration file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/opendkim.conf</span> and update below values in configuration file.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">Domain             <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">hackthesec.co.in</span>
KeyFile            /etc/mail/dkim.key
Selector           mail
Socket    inet:8892@localhost</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now edit POSTFIX configuration file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/postfix/main.cf</span> and add following values at the end of file</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">milter_default_action = accept
milter_protocol = 2
smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8892
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8892</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Configure DNS Entry</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After configuring private key in postfix server. there will be another file<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">default.txt</span> generated by opendkim-genkey. Edit your DNS zone file and add this as TXT record found in default.txt.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">mail._domainkey.hackthesec.coin IN TXT "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=IOIIGfBGGCSqGSIb3DEFGAQUAA4GNHDCBiQKBgRG6RY5DLhAbbrqcwgyBaC
x50scjedj357we9SJdff6VHOKDYgU/kvuV2rQiedHjtJDPuFJIwoNqh8pbIWxcZ8J2FhVhXU1QWdBmOQ/w61jfsyVAMrX/SrcJAd/1
XHYcS4o3uIOV7jICVOJLiYW5wjYLvWpPoraQzQE1Npjlsx2T5QIDAQAB" ; ----- DKIM key default for hackthesec.co.in</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 5: Restart Service</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After making all above configuration’s restart dkim and postfix services</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">$ sudo service opendkim restart
$ sudo service postfix restart</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 6: Verify DKIM</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And you have all done. Let’s verify that DKIM is working properly. Let’s send a test email through command line</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">$ mail -vs "Test DKIM" hackthesec@gmail.com < /dev/null
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In received email in our mailbox, open the source of email and search for "DKIM-Signature". You will find some thing like below</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=hackthesec.co.in;
 s=default.private; t=1431284463;
 bh=fdkeB/b0Fghse2k4J4pNas23AsqBm9+c0CsOYesw8=;
 h=Date:From:Message-Id:To:Subject;
 b=M6g0easdqURha9d7sdWldOddXsXxrMtN2qrSQ6/1AZtDxDkDDfoBTHDzoESlD
  i6uLLwV+3/JTs7mFmrkvlA5ZR693sM5gkVgVJmuOsylXSwd3XNfEcGSqFRRIrLhHtbC
  mAXMNxJtih9OuVNi96TrFNyUJeHMRvvbo34BzqWY=

<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a>
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></span></pre>
</div>
</div>

How to Setup DKIM (DomainKeys) with Postfix on Ubuntu and Debian

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How to Install Ionic Framework on Ubuntu, Debian and LinuxMint

1.7.12</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">4. Create Your Project</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Now, You need to create a new <b><span style="color: red;">Cordova </span></b>project on your computer using following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">ionic start</span><span style="color: white;"> HelloWorld blank
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Now use one of the following command to enable <b>iOS </b>or Android platform. <b>iOS </b>platform will work on <b>MacOS </b>only.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">ionic platform add ios</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: lime;">$ ionic platform add android</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;">
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For more details visit <a href="http://ionicframework.com/docs/guide/installation.html" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://ionicframework.com/docs/guide/installation.html</a><br /><a href="http://www.hackthese.co.in/" target="_blank">HackTheSec</a><br /><a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">HackTheSecTwitter</a><br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
<div class="single-post-ad" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
</div>
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How To Add and Delete User in Ubuntu, Debian & LinuxMint

Adding user `</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">' ...</span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Adding new group `</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">' (1003) ...</span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Adding new user `</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">' (1003) with group `</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span></span><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;"><span style="font-size: large;">' </span>...</span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Creating home directory `/home/</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">' ...</span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
Enter new UNIX password: </span><span style="color: lime;">**************</span><span style="color: white;">
Retype new UNIX password: </span><span style="color: lime;">**************</span><span style="color: white;"> 
passwd: </span><span style="color: lime;">password updated successfully</span><span style="color: white;">
Changing the user information for </span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
 Full Name []: 
</span><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Room Number []: 
</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Work Phone []: 
</span><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Home Phone []: 
</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Other []: 
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGe23tdNvvXzfUFhQ7LoRhrSVPqzvxAnSFIVGTqtbUH71ImKn2jNlrxjrYlZMtQ8BIVehUt3D0O9gwiSZ0DX54QZ65fXrKWEdThd0Y4rYP0TEjuU1nkQORV-7lRxlUqFUJqP-ryU0lcmDR/s1600/add-delete-user_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="409" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGe23tdNvvXzfUFhQ7LoRhrSVPqzvxAnSFIVGTqtbUH71ImKn2jNlrxjrYlZMtQ8BIVehUt3D0O9gwiSZ0DX54QZ65fXrKWEdThd0Y4rYP0TEjuU1nkQORV-7lRxlUqFUJqP-ryU0lcmDR/s640/add-delete-user_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By default above command will create users home directory as /home/<user name="">. But you can specify home directory at any other location using following command.</user></span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$sudo adduser </span><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;"> --home=/var/home/</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can also specify any other shell for user in place of default, use <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">–shell</span> switch followed by shell name as below.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ sudo adduser </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;"> </span><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">--shell=/bin/bash</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you don’t want to create users home directory. You can use –no-create-home switch with adduser command as below.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: lime;">$ sudo adduser</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;"> --no-create-home</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Delete User from System</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now its good to lock or delete any user from system which is no longer required. Use the following command to delete any user from system.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">deluser</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The above command will not delete users home directory. If you also want to delete users home directory add –remove-home parameter with command, For example below command will delete user guest and their home directory permanently.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ sudo deluser </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">guest</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;"> </span><span style="color: lime; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">--remove-home</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You may also take backup of users home directory before deleting it using following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">deluser </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;"><span style="color: lime;">guest</span><span style="color: white;"> </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.3em;">--remove-home --backup  --backup-to /var/archives/</span></span></pre>
</div>
</div>

How To Add and Delete User in Ubuntu, Debian & LinuxMint

Add and Delete User in Ubuntu, Debian & LinuxMint You may need to create separate account for every user want to connect this syste...

How to Install JAVA 9 (JDK9) on Debian Via PPA

java version "</span><span style="color: lime;">1.9.0-ea</span><span style="color: white;">"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.9.0-ea-b50)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 1.9.0-ea-b50, mixed mode)</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Configuring Java Environment</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
In Webupd8 ppa repository also providing a package to set environment variables, Install this package using following command. This will set the useful environment variables for JAVA in your system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get <orange>install</orange></span><span style="color: white;"> oracle-java9-set-default
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">References:</span><br /><a href="https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/java" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/java</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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</div>
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How to Install JAVA 9 (JDK9) on Debian Via PPA

Install JAVA 9 (JDK9) on Debian Via PPA Oracle JAVA 9 Early Access release is available to download and install. Java 9 stable release...

How to Setup X11VNC Server on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

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<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #cc0000;">X11VNC Server on Ubuntu,LinuxMint & Debian</span></h2>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">X11VNC</span> is the popular VNC server for creating remote desktop connection and access remote desktop. It works will almost all the desktop environment available for Ubuntu and Debian based systems. Using remote desktop connection we can connect any remote system and access graphical user interface and work. We can use any available <b>vnc viewer</b> like tight vnc viewer, real vnc viewer or ultra vnc viewer.</div>
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<b>X11VNC</b> can be a better remote support software for you. This tutorial will help you to setup x11vnc server on your <b><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a>, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/LinuxMint" target="_blank">LinuxMint</a> & <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Debian" target="_blank">Debian</a></b> system and connect using vnc viewer from client system.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRpefC79_o6qQQtviC1z8fiPhYtPG9oZBjNvwLmbtorPQfNFxLoYzK-0CBwOI2YROo3ojStk6JwG5LpsgUKuCKvgBfwkxBoQWYvAFktjMuMUCgxTFmsRCWcWXsAMVjs_Y6SnArbhZnHtV/s1600/vnc_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRpefC79_o6qQQtviC1z8fiPhYtPG9oZBjNvwLmbtorPQfNFxLoYzK-0CBwOI2YROo3ojStk6JwG5LpsgUKuCKvgBfwkxBoQWYvAFktjMuMUCgxTFmsRCWcWXsAMVjs_Y6SnArbhZnHtV/s1600/vnc_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px;">Install X11VNC</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
X11vnc packages are available under default repositories, So just update default repositories and install.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get</span><span style="color: white;"> update
$ sudo apt-get </span><span style="color: lime;">install x11vnc</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Create Password</span></h2>
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Now create a password to connect using vnc viewer from client system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span><span style="color: white;"> -storepasswd

Enter VNC password: </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">*********</span></orange><span style="color: white;">
Verify password: </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">********* </span></orange><orange style="color: orange;"> </orange><span style="color: white;">  
Write password to /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd?  [y]/n </span><orange><span style="color: lime;">y</span></orange><span style="color: white;">
Password written to: /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
Start X11VNC Server</h2>
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After successful installation of x11vnc server on your system. Let’s start it using following command. Change the parameters as per your setup.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5900 -shared<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Setup AutoStart on Boot</span></h2>
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Finally setup the auto start of x11vnc server on system boot. Create a<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">x11vnc.conf</span> file under /etc/init/ directory using following content.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;">$ sudo vi /etc/init/x11vnc.conf<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"># description "Start <span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span> on system boot"

description "<span style="color: lime;">x11vnc</span>"

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [^2345]

console log

respawn
respawn limit 20 5

exec /usr/bin/x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /home/rahul/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5900 -shared<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
</div>
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How to Setup X11VNC Server on Ubuntu & LinuxMint

X11VNC Server on Ubuntu,LinuxMint & Debian X11VNC is the popular VNC server for creating remote desktop connection and access remo...