Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: shell

Interactive Shell Script to Copy Files / Directory using SCP

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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><u>Interactive Shell Script to Copy Files / Directory using SCP</u></span></h1>
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This script will allow copy multiple files and directories. Script will only work assuming you have configured ssh key based authentication between two machines.</div>
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Script will request to input destination hostname or ip address and path of destination folder. On the new line you need to provide filename or directory that need to be copied. You will be only allowed to copy one file or directory per line. When hitting enter , you will allowed to provide next file/directory. <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/shell_scripting" target="_blank">Script </a>will exit once it receives a blank field.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">#!/bin/bash
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints hearer of script
</span><span style="color: lime;">echo "Interactive Script to Copy File (files) / Directory using scp"
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Server
</span><span style="color: lime;">while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name desthost
</span><span style="color: lime;">read -p "Destination Server Name : " desthost
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line finishes while loop
</span><span style="color: lime;">done</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Path
</span><span style="color: lime;">while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name destpath
</span><span style="color: lime;">read -p "Destination Path : " destpath
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line finishes while loop
</span><span style="color: lime;">done</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line put null value to variable filename
</span><span style="color: lime;">filename='null'
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line check if entered value is null, and If not null it will reask user to enter file(s) to copy
</span><span style="color: lime;">while ! [ x"$filename" = "x" ]; do
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name filename
</span><span style="color: lime;">read -p "Path to source directory / file : " filename
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line checks if entered value is not null, and if not null it will copy file(s)
</span><span style="color: lime;">if ! [ x"$filename" = "x" ];
then</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints header
</span><span style="color: lime;">echo -n "Copying $filename ... "
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next like copy pre-entered file(s) or dir to destination path on destination server
</span><span style="color: lime;">scp -r "$filename" "$desthost":"$destpath"
</span><span style="color: orange;">#end of if
</span><span style="color: lime;">fi</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line finishes while loop
</span><span style="color: lime;">done</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Running the scp script</u></span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@testos ~]# sh </span><span style="color: lime;">scpscript.sh</span><span style="color: white;">
Interactive Script to Copy File (files) / Directory using scp
Destination Server Name : 192.168.0.2
</span><span style="color: lime;">Destination Path : /tmp
</span><span style="color: white;">Path to source directory / file : /root/backup.txt
backup.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
</span><span style="color: yellow;">Path to source directory / file : /root/docsdir
</span><span style="color: lime;">file2.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
</span><span style="color: white;">file3.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
</span><span style="color: lime;">file1.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
</span><span style="color: white;">Path to source directory / file :
[root@testos ~]#</span></span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a>
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></span></span></span></pre>
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Interactive Shell Script to Copy Files / Directory using SCP

Interactive Shell Script to Copy Files / Directory using SCP This script will allow copy multiple files and directories. Script will on...

Shell Script to Backup Files / Directories Using rsync

#We will save path to backup file in variable
backupf='/tmp/bckup.txt'

#Next line just prints message
echo "Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync"

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Server
while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do

#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name desthost
read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost

#next line finishes while loop
done

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Path
while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do

#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name destpath
read -p "Destination Folder : " destpath

#next line finishes while loop
done

#Next line will start reading backup file line by line
for line in `cat $backupf`

#and on each line will execute next
do

#print message that file/dir will be copied
echo "Copying $line ... "
#copy via rsync file/dir to destination

rsync -ar "$line" "$desthost":"$destpath"

#this line just print done
echo "DONE"

#end of reading backup file
done</span></span></pre>
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<strong style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Running the script with output</span></strong></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec tmp]# ./bckrsync.sh
Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync
Destination backup Server : 104.*.*.41
Destination Folder : /tmp
Copying /tmp/oracledb ...
The authenticity of host '104.*.*.41 (104.*.*.41)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 96:11:61:17:7f:fa:......
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '104.*.*.41' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@104.*.*.41's password:
DONE
Copying /tmp/dataconfig.txt ...
root@104.*.*.41's password:
DONE
Copying /tmp/docs ...
root@104.*.*.41's password:
DONE
[root@Fedora21 tmp]#</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Script 2 :</span></h2>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">#!/bin/bash

#We will save path to backup file in variable
backupf='/tmp/bckup.txt'

#Next line just prints message
echo "Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync"

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Server
while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do

#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name desthost
read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost

#next line finishes while loop
done

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Path
while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do

#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name destpath
read -p "Destination Folder : " destpath

#next line finishes while loop
done

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter password
while [ x$password = "x" ]; do
#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name password. #To hide password we are using -s key
read -sp "Password : " password
#next line finishes while loop
done

#Next line will start reading backup file line by line
for line in `cat $backupf`

#and on each line will execute next
do

#print message that file/dir will be copied
echo "Copying $line ... "
#we will use expect tool to enter password inside script
/usr/bin/expect << EOD
#next line set timeout to -1, recommended to use
set timeout -1
#copy via rsync file/dir to destination, using part of expect — spawn command

spawn rsync -ar ${line} ${desthost}:${destpath}
#as result of previous command we expect “password” promtp
expect "*?assword:*"
#next command enters password from script
send "${password}\r"
#next command tells that we expect end of file (everything finished on remote server)
expect eof
#end of expect pard
EOD
#this line just print done
echo "DONE"

#end of reading backup file
done</span></span></pre>
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<span style="line-height: 23.4px;"><b><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Script 3: </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 23.4px;"><b><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Normal Method Through terminal</span></b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 32px;">Task: Backup /home/hackthesec to /mnt/usbdri</span></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">$ rsync -au /home/hackthesec /mnt/usbdri</span></span></pre>
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To delete files in backup directory that no longer exist in directory being backed up, enter:</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">$ rsync -au --delete /home/hackthesec /mnt/usbdri</span></span></pre>
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<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br />
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></div>
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Shell Script to Backup Files / Directories Using rsync

Backup Files / Directories Using rsync rsync command easily backup your home directory to local secondary hard disk or remote server usi...

Command Line Arguments in Linux Shell Scripting

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<span style="color: #990000;"><u><i>Command Line Arguments in Linux Shell Scripting</i></u></span></h1>
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Overview :</h2>
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Command line arguments (also known as positional parameters) are the arguments specified at the command prompt with a command or script to be executed. The locations at the command prompt of the arguments as well as the location of the command, or the script itself, are stored in corresponding variables. These variables are special shell variables. Below picture will help you understand them.</div>
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Let’s create a shell script with name “<b>command_line_agruments</b>.sh”, it will show the command line argruments that were supplied and count number of agruments, value of first argument and Process ID (PID) of the Script.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$ cat </span><span style="color: lime;">command_line_agruments.sh</span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlsefOqjc9D-lK7l7nUbbSTnWrLT15Wj52va4WSUeKEGKptkqE48rkEeJVeDCcSUDhD4QKT7SQEd4t8qfxO_McFeoeM-XdQ9z2vIGTQ2IyVuVWS0Zc439-2Z4vGU5Zj2OAS4Egl8MwIuCt/s1600/command-line-agruments_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlsefOqjc9D-lK7l7nUbbSTnWrLT15Wj52va4WSUeKEGKptkqE48rkEeJVeDCcSUDhD4QKT7SQEd4t8qfxO_McFeoeM-XdQ9z2vIGTQ2IyVuVWS0Zc439-2Z4vGU5Zj2OAS4Egl8MwIuCt/s640/command-line-agruments_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Assign Executable permissions to the Script</h6>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$ chmod +x </span><span style="color: lime;">command_line_agruments</span><span style="color: white;">.sh</span></pre>
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Now execute the scripts with command line argruments</h6>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$ ./command_line_agruments.sh </span><span style="color: lime;">Linux AIX HPUX VMware</span><span style="color: white;">
There are 4 arguments specified at the command line.
The arguments supplied are: Linux AIX HPUX VMware
</span><span style="color: lime;">The first argument is: Linux
</span><span style="color: white;">The PID of the script is: 16316</span></pre>
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Shifting Command Line Arguments</h5>
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The shift command is used to move command line arguments one position to the left. During this move, the first argument is lost. “<b>command_line_agruments</b>.sh” script below uses the shift command:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz1LVJe-Xx-fBD7MUwOl31k-Ab10eIGwF4puO7QJTVvVeU7H66KCo9D-lmRqaoSQxN-sCpDYYaj2JZNSQG97GkcGddF8Q4RH07bLrPT2Au5Vyeoma-KXbDWfnG4lBbAijSjgj1Fs1AnQuB/s1600/command-line-agrument-shift_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz1LVJe-Xx-fBD7MUwOl31k-Ab10eIGwF4puO7QJTVvVeU7H66KCo9D-lmRqaoSQxN-sCpDYYaj2JZNSQG97GkcGddF8Q4RH07bLrPT2Au5Vyeoma-KXbDWfnG4lBbAijSjgj1Fs1AnQuB/s640/command-line-agrument-shift_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now Execute the Script again.</h6>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$ ./</span><span style="color: lime;">command_line_agruments</span><span style="color: white;">.sh Linux AIX HPUX VMware
There are 4 arguments specified at the command line
The arguments supplied are: Linux AIX HPUX VMware
The first argument is: Linux
</span><span style="color: lime;">The Process ID of the script is: 16369
</span><span style="color: white;">The new first argument after the first shift is: AIX
</span><span style="color: lime;">The new first argument after the second shift is: HPUX
</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$</span></pre>
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Multiple shifts in a single attempt may be performed by furnishing the desired number of shifts to the shift command as an argument.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br /><a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></div>
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Command Line Arguments in Linux Shell Scripting

Command Line Arguments in Linux Shell Scripting Overview : Command line arguments (also known as positional parameters) are the a...