Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: Linux

How to Block abusive IP addresses using IPTABLES Firewall in Debian/Ubuntu

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<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Blocking abusive IP addresses using IPTABLES Firewall</u></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted, secure internal network and another outside network, such as the Internet, that is assumed to not be secure or trusted. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Firewalls are often categorized as either network firewalls or host-based firewalls. Network firewalls are a software appliance running on general purpose hardware or hardware-based firewall computer appliances that filter traffic between two or more networks. Host-based firewalls provide a layer of software on one host that controls network traffic in and out of that single machine</span></span></div>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<ul style="color: #222222; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;">
<li>Flushing the old firewall rules</li>
<li>Determining service ports</li>
<li>Setting-up default policies</li>
<li>Setting-up your firewall rules</li>
<li>Saving your firewall rules</li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">BLOCKING IPs USING IPTABLES</span></u></b></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">To block some abusive IP address or range of IPs, you can use the following iptables rules:</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">## iptables -I INPUT -s 1.2.3.4 -j DROP
## iptables -I INPUT -s 1.2.0.0/16 -j DROP</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>CREATING THE BLACKLIST</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">For better readability and maintenance, it is a good idea to have all abusing IPs in one particular file, for example <b>/etc/blacklist.ips</b>. This way, you can add the IP addresses or subnets in this file (one IP or subnet per line) and use the <b>fwall-rules</b> script below to block anything listed in this file.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">So, create or edit <b>/usr/local/bin/fwall-rules </b>and make it as follows:</span></span></div>
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<div style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">#!/bin/bash
#
# iptables firewall script
# 
#

IPTABLES=/sbin/iptables
BLACKLIST=/etc/blacklist.ips

echo " * flushing old rules"
${IPTABLES} --flush
${IPTABLES} --delete-chain
${IPTABLES} --table nat --flush
${IPTABLES} --table nat --delete-chain

echo " * setting default policies"
${IPTABLES} -P INPUT DROP
${IPTABLES} -P FORWARD DROP
${IPTABLES} -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

echo " * allowing loopback devices"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
${IPTABLES} -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

## BLOCK ABUSING IPs HERE ##
#echo " * BLACKLIST"
#${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -s _ABUSIVE_IP_ -j DROP
#${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -s _ABUSIVE_IP2_ -j DROP

echo " * allowing ssh on port 5622"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5622  -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing ftp on port 21"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21  -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing dns on port 53 udp"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing dns on port 53 tcp"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing http on port 80"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80  -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing https on port 443"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing smtp on port 25"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing submission on port 587"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 587 -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing imaps on port 993"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 993 -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing pop3s on port 995"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 995 -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing imap on port 143"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 143 -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing pop3 on port 110"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT

echo " * allowing ping responses"
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -p ICMP --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT

# DROP everything else and Log it
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -j LOG
${IPTABLES} -A INPUT -j DROP

#
# Block abusing IPs 
# from ${BLACKLIST}
#
if [[ -f "${BLACKLIST}" ]] && [[ -s "${BLACKLIST}" ]]; then
    echo " * BLOCKING ABUSIVE IPs"
    while read IP; do
        ${IPTABLES} -I INPUT -s "${IP}" -j DROP
    done < <(cat "${BLACKLIST}")
fi

#
# Save settings
#
echo " * SAVING RULES"

if [[ -d /etc/network/if-pre-up.d ]]; then
    if [[ ! -f /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables ]]; then
        echo -e "#!/bin/bash" > /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables
        echo -e "test -e /etc/iptables.rules && iptables-restore -c /etc/iptables.rules" >> /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables
        chmod +x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables
    fi
fi

iptables-save > /etc/fwall.rules
iptables-restore -c /etc/fwall.rules</pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">make sure the script is executable by adding an ‘x’ bit to it:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;"># chmod +x /usr/local/bin/fwall-rules</span></span></pre>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">APPLYING THE RULES</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #222222;">
To apply the firewall rules and block the abusers, you need to just execute the fwall-rules script and that’s it.</div>
</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"># fwall-rules
 * flushing old rules
 * setting default policies
 * allowing loopback devices
 * allowing ssh on port 5622
 * allowing ftp on port 21
 * allowing dns on port 53 udp
 * allowing dns on port 53 tcp
 * allowing http on port 80
 * allowing https on port 443
 * allowing smtp on port 25
 * allowing submission on port 587
 * allowing imaps on port 993
 * allowing pop3s on port 995
 * allowing imap on port 143
 * allowing pop3 on port 110
 * allowing ping responses
 * BLOCKING ABUSIVE IPs
 * SAVING RULES</pre>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://wwww.hackthesec.co.in/">wwww.hackthesec.co.in</a>
</pre>
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How to Block abusive IP addresses using IPTABLES Firewall in Debian/Ubuntu

Blocking abusive IP addresses using IPTABLES Firewall In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls t...

Linux – Top memory usage by process

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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><u>Linux – Top memory usage by process</u></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Here are a couple of commands to help find top memory wasters</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u>Process – Sorted by occupied memory(2 column)1</u></b></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">ps -e -orss=,pid=,args= | sort -nr | head|awk '{print $2"\t"$1/1024"\tMB\t"$3;}'</code></pre>
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<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Method 2</u></b></span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; white-space: pre-wrap;">cat /proc/meminfo |grep MemTotal
echo ' ' | awk '{ system("cat /proc/meminfo |grep MemTotal") }'</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; white-space: pre-wrap;">totalmem=$(cat /proc/meminfo |grep MemTotal | awk '{print $2}');
 
ps -e -orss=,pid=,args= | sort -nr | head|awk '{print $2"\t"$1/1024"\t"$3"\t"$totalmem;}'</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Disk Usage</u></b></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; white-space: pre-wrap;">sudo du -hx --max-depth=2 / |egrep "^[0-9\.]+G"
 
# show home directory
echo ' ' | awk '{ system("ls -la ~") }'</span></span></pre>
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<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
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Linux – Top memory usage by process

Linux – Top memory usage by process Here are a couple of commands to help find top memory wasters . Process – Sorted by occupied ...

Shell Script : Find All Zip / Rar Files Then Unzip / Unrar

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<u><span style="color: red;"><i>Find All Zip / Rar Files Then Unzip / Unrar</i></span></u></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">We must first install and enable </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RPMForge</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> repository under Linux systems to install </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Unrar</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> and </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rar</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> command-line applications. We have provided </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RPMForge</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> repositories for </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #cc0000; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">/</span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #990099; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CentOS</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> </span></a><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">6/5/4</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> distributions. By default</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RPMForge</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> repository already shipped with </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fedora 17-12</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-family: "roboto condensed" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> systems, So fedora user’s don’t need to install it again</span></div>
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For RHEL/CentOS 6/5/4 – 32-Bit OS</h5>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><b style="color: white;">## RHEL/CentOS 6 32-Bit ##
</b><span style="color: orange;"># wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm
</span><span style="color: lime;"># rpm -Uvh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm
</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><b style="color: white;">## RHEL/CentOS 5 32-Bit ##</b><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: orange;"># wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
</span><span style="color: lime;"># rpm -Uvh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><b style="color: white;">## RHEL/CentOS 4 32-Bit ##
</b><span style="color: orange;"># wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-1.el4.rf.i386.rpm
</span><span style="color: lime;"># rpm -Uvh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-1.el4.rf.i386.rpm</span></span></span></pre>
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For RHEL/CentOS 6/5/4 – 64-Bit OS</h5>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><b style="color: white;">## RHEL/CentOS 6 64-Bit ##
</b><span style="color: orange;"># wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
</span><span style="color: lime;"># rpm -Uvh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><b style="color: white;">## RHEL/CentOS 5 64-Bit ##
</b><span style="color: orange;"># wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
</span><span style="color: lime;"># rpm -Uvh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><b style="color: white;">## RHEL/CentOS 4 64-Bit ##
</b><span style="color: orange;"># wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el4.rf.x86_64.rpm
</span><span style="color: lime;"># rpm -Uvh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el4.rf.x86_64.rpm</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em;"><span style="color: red;">Note: - For unrar command you have to install the command like this - </span><span style="color: #0b5394;">yum install unrar</span><span style="color: red;"> for centos/REDHAT and FOR Ubuntu Debian - </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 22.464px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">sudo apt-get install unrar-free</span></span></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 22.464px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 22.464px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">After That copy the shell script bellow and save it as hackthesec.sh</span></span></span></span></div>
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<u><span style="color: red;"><i><br /></i></span></u></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">#!/bin/bash

list=`find /home/hackthesec/ -type f -name "*.rar"`

for line in $list; do

DEST=${line%/*}

unrar x $line $DEST

done</span></span></pre>
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<br /><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em;">RUN-Shell Script Output</span></h3>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@go ~]# sh find.sh

Extracting from /home/hackthesec/shell.rar

Extracting  /home/</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">/find.sh   OK</span>
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">All OK
[root@go ~]#

</span></span></span></pre>
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<div>
<u><span style="color: red;"><i><br /></i></span></u></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: #333333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a>
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></span></span></span></pre>
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Shell Script : Find All Zip / Rar Files Then Unzip / Unrar

Find All Zip / Rar Files Then Unzip / Unrar We must first install and enable RPMForge repository under Linux systems to install U...

Command Line Arguments in Linux Shell Scripting

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<span style="color: #990000;"><u><i>Command Line Arguments in Linux Shell Scripting</i></u></span></h1>
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Overview :</h2>
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Command line arguments (also known as positional parameters) are the arguments specified at the command prompt with a command or script to be executed. The locations at the command prompt of the arguments as well as the location of the command, or the script itself, are stored in corresponding variables. These variables are special shell variables. Below picture will help you understand them.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Wn5k-WdVD_OwcQnE8BrX1jCCiiWrqSL56Hzsumx7s3yOgerJei-cX90ik6TRmi9O-r0kuvByg78xN8nZJCGQ65nR3wHuN0dmMVoIfOlKmEkpRBKVGbGDE-aiFvwC7Gf8FwFxvWrrRYIC/s1600/command-line-arguments_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Wn5k-WdVD_OwcQnE8BrX1jCCiiWrqSL56Hzsumx7s3yOgerJei-cX90ik6TRmi9O-r0kuvByg78xN8nZJCGQ65nR3wHuN0dmMVoIfOlKmEkpRBKVGbGDE-aiFvwC7Gf8FwFxvWrrRYIC/s1600/command-line-arguments_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhev_o0nZPNEJGV_7tyaZ0tgsvZiUk9WiB2oVumhgapoB_6RKju68u2mol3-LE4NaZurvpV_t5T9dZDD9yAVFyqMxzg0Jhs14mktYTtjsnRCusz-Y7971cAcxwi2furpWLwv9j1iobPhVr-/s1600/command-line-shell-variables_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhev_o0nZPNEJGV_7tyaZ0tgsvZiUk9WiB2oVumhgapoB_6RKju68u2mol3-LE4NaZurvpV_t5T9dZDD9yAVFyqMxzg0Jhs14mktYTtjsnRCusz-Y7971cAcxwi2furpWLwv9j1iobPhVr-/s1600/command-line-shell-variables_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
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Let’s create a shell script with name “<b>command_line_agruments</b>.sh”, it will show the command line argruments that were supplied and count number of agruments, value of first argument and Process ID (PID) of the Script.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$ cat </span><span style="color: lime;">command_line_agruments.sh</span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlsefOqjc9D-lK7l7nUbbSTnWrLT15Wj52va4WSUeKEGKptkqE48rkEeJVeDCcSUDhD4QKT7SQEd4t8qfxO_McFeoeM-XdQ9z2vIGTQ2IyVuVWS0Zc439-2Z4vGU5Zj2OAS4Egl8MwIuCt/s1600/command-line-agruments_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlsefOqjc9D-lK7l7nUbbSTnWrLT15Wj52va4WSUeKEGKptkqE48rkEeJVeDCcSUDhD4QKT7SQEd4t8qfxO_McFeoeM-XdQ9z2vIGTQ2IyVuVWS0Zc439-2Z4vGU5Zj2OAS4Egl8MwIuCt/s640/command-line-agruments_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Assign Executable permissions to the Script</h6>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$ chmod +x </span><span style="color: lime;">command_line_agruments</span><span style="color: white;">.sh</span></pre>
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Now execute the scripts with command line argruments</h6>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$ ./command_line_agruments.sh </span><span style="color: lime;">Linux AIX HPUX VMware</span><span style="color: white;">
There are 4 arguments specified at the command line.
The arguments supplied are: Linux AIX HPUX VMware
</span><span style="color: lime;">The first argument is: Linux
</span><span style="color: white;">The PID of the script is: 16316</span></pre>
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Shifting Command Line Arguments</h5>
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The shift command is used to move command line arguments one position to the left. During this move, the first argument is lost. “<b>command_line_agruments</b>.sh” script below uses the shift command:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="text-align: left;">hackthesec</span>@localhost:~$ </span><span style="color: lime;">cat </span><span style="color: white;">command_line_agruments.sh</span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz1LVJe-Xx-fBD7MUwOl31k-Ab10eIGwF4puO7QJTVvVeU7H66KCo9D-lmRqaoSQxN-sCpDYYaj2JZNSQG97GkcGddF8Q4RH07bLrPT2Au5Vyeoma-KXbDWfnG4lBbAijSjgj1Fs1AnQuB/s1600/command-line-agrument-shift_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz1LVJe-Xx-fBD7MUwOl31k-Ab10eIGwF4puO7QJTVvVeU7H66KCo9D-lmRqaoSQxN-sCpDYYaj2JZNSQG97GkcGddF8Q4RH07bLrPT2Au5Vyeoma-KXbDWfnG4lBbAijSjgj1Fs1AnQuB/s640/command-line-agrument-shift_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now Execute the Script again.</h6>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$ ./</span><span style="color: lime;">command_line_agruments</span><span style="color: white;">.sh Linux AIX HPUX VMware
There are 4 arguments specified at the command line
The arguments supplied are: Linux AIX HPUX VMware
The first argument is: Linux
</span><span style="color: lime;">The Process ID of the script is: 16369
</span><span style="color: white;">The new first argument after the first shift is: AIX
</span><span style="color: lime;">The new first argument after the second shift is: HPUX
</span><span style="color: white;">hackthesec@localhost:~$</span></pre>
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Multiple shifts in a single attempt may be performed by furnishing the desired number of shifts to the shift command as an argument.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br /><a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></div>
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Command Line Arguments in Linux Shell Scripting

Command Line Arguments in Linux Shell Scripting Overview : Command line arguments (also known as positional parameters) are the a...