Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: backup-management

How to Install and Configure Amanda Backup Server

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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">AMANDA, the Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver, is a backup solution that allows the IT administrator to set up a single master backup server to back up multiple hosts over network to tape drives/changers or disks or optical media. Amanda uses native utilities and formats (e.g. dump and/or GNU tar) and can back up a large number of servers and workstations running multiple versions of Linux or Unix.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FCONgPlaFqs/WcT2pFGzLnI/AAAAAAAABvw/mKLGsjTLfcYUxV0RcKXzpjDjJbYps3MfwCLcBGAs/s1600/amanda1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="611" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FCONgPlaFqs/WcT2pFGzLnI/AAAAAAAABvw/mKLGsjTLfcYUxV0RcKXzpjDjJbYps3MfwCLcBGAs/s1600/amanda1.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b>Install Amanda Server</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b>==============</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Install amanda packages using yum:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"># </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">yum install -y amanda*</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Create the configuration file. I am going to name this backup project is ServerNetBackup. We need to create a directory named by this project and all configuration files for this project will be underneath it:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"># </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">mkdir /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Create the core configuration file, amanda.conf:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">vim /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/amanda.conf</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And paste following line:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">org "ServerNetBackup"                 # Organization name for reports
mailto "address@hackthesec.co.in"        # Email address to receive reports
netusage 10000 Kbps                   # Bandwidth limit, 10M
 
dumpcycle 1 week                      # Backup cycle is 7 days
runspercycle 7                        # Run 7 times every 7 days
tapecycle 15 tapes                    # Dump to 15 different tapes during the cycle
tpchanger "chg-disk"                  # The tape-changer glue script
 
changerfile "/etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/changer"     # The tape-changer file
 
tapedev "file://central_backup/ServerNetBackup/slots" # The no-rewind tape device to be used
tapetype HARDDISK                                     # Define the type of tape
 
infofile "/etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/curinfo"        # Database directory
logdir "/etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/logs"             # Log directory
indexdir "/etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/index"          # Index directory
 
define tapetype HARDDISK {                            # Define our tape behaviour
length 100000 mbytes                                  # Every tape is 100GB in size
}
 
amrecover_changer "changer"                           # Changer for amrecover
 
define dumptype global {                              # The global dump definition
maxdumps 2                                            # The maximum number of backups run in parallel
estimate calcsize                                     # Estimate the backup size before dump
holdingdisk yes                                       # Dump to temp disk (holdingdisk) before backup to tape
index yes                                             # Generate index. For restoration usage
}
 
define dumptype root-tar {                            # How to dump root's directory
global                                                # Include global (as above)
program "GNUTAR"                                      # Program name for compress
comment "root partitions dumped with tar"
compress none                                         # No compress
index                                                 # Index this dump
priority low                                          # Priority level
}
 
define dumptype user-tar {                            # How to dump user's directory
root-tar                                              # Include root-tar (as above)
comment "user partitions dumped with tar"
priority medium                                       # Priority level
}
 
define dumptype comp-user-tar {                       # How to dump & compress user's directory
user-tar                                              # Include user-tar (as above)
compress client fast                                  # Compress in client side with less CPU (fast)
}</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Configure Backup Location</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">=================</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Prepare the directory to store all backups:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">mkdir -p /central_backup/ServerNetBackup/slots</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Assign correct permission to user amandabackup for the configuration directory and backup directory:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ chown amandabackup.disk /central_backup -Rf
$ chown amandabackup.disk /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup -Rf</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Login as user amandabackup:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">su - amandabackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Create the virtual tape. This is where the backup files will be stored. We will need to create 15 slots as per tapecycle keyword:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ for n in `seq 1 15`; do mkdir /central_backup/ServerNetBackup/slots/slot${n}; done</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">We then need to label all slots:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ for n in `seq 1 15` ; do amlabel ServerNetBackup ServerNetBackup-${n} slot ${n}; done</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Create all required directories as defined in the configuration file:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ mkdir /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/curinfo
$ mkdir /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/logs
$ mkdir /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/index</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Configure Service and What to Backup</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">We need to define what to backup in a file called disklist. As user amandabackup, create this file:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ su - amandabackup
$ vim /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/disklist</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And add following line:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">sv101.hackthesec.co.in /home/webby/public_html   comp-user-tar
gogogo.hackthesec.co.in  /etc                      root-tar</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Notes: Make sure the hostname is FQDN and can be resolved to an IP. Add the host entry into /etc/hosts is recomended.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Exit from amandabackup user and get back to root user:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Enable amanda service in xinetd.d directory:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">vim /etc/xinetd.d/amanda</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And change following line from "yes" to "no"</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Enable on boot and restart xinetd service:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ chkconfig xinetd on
$ service xinetd restart</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Check the amanda server whether it is running properly by using following command:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ netstat -a | grep amanda
udp        0          0       *:amanda                *:*</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If you see result as above, amanda server is ready to serve!</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Install Amanda Backup Client</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">======================</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Login to the client’s server and install required package for Amanda using yum:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ yum install -y amanda amanda-client</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">As user amandabackup, add following line into /var/lib/amanda/.amandahosts to specify where is Amanda backup server:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ su - amandabackup
$ vim /var/lib/amanda/.amandahosts</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And make sure the value as below:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">office.hackthesec.co.in amandabackup amdump
localhost amandabackup amdump
localhost.localdomain amandabackup amdump</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Exit from user amandabackup and turn to root user:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Enable amanda service in xinetd.d directory:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ vim /etc/xinetd.d/amanda</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And change following line from"yes" to "no"</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Enable on boot and start the xinetd service</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ chkconfig xinetd on
$ service xinetd start</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Add an entry in /etc/hosts to define backup server IP by adding following line:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">125.10.90.90      office.hackthesec.co.in</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">In some case, you may need to change the permission of the directory that you want to backup. For example, I need to allow user amandabackup to access directory /home/webby/public_html to create backup:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">As root user, change the permission of the directory:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ chmod 755 /home/webby</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Run the Backup Process</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">=================</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Now go back to the Amanda server and check our configuration file as amandabackup user:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ su - amandabackup
$ amcheck ServerNetBackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">You should see the output similar to this:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Client check: 2 host checked in 2.070 seconds.  0 problems found.</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If no error found, you can start the backup process immediately by running following command:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ amdump ServerNetBackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Or, we can automate this process using cronjob. Run following command as amandabackup user:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ crontab -e</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And add following line:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">45 0 * * 2-6 /usr/sbin/amdump ServerNetBackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">As root user, reload the crond service to activate this job:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ service crond reload</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<a href="http://forums.zmanda.com/" style="background-color: #7baac3; color: white; display: block; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15.36px; font-weight: 900; padding: 2px 0px 2px 10px; text-decoration-line: none;">Amanda forums</a><a href="http://forums.zmanda.com/" style="background-color: #7baac3; color: white; display: block; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15.36px; font-weight: 900; padding: 2px 0px 2px 10px; text-decoration-line: none;"></a><a href="http://wiki.zmanda.com/index.php/Tapetype%20definitions" style="color: white; display: block; font-size: 15.36px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 10px; text-decoration-line: none;">Tape Type List</a><a href="http://forums.zmanda.com/" style="background-color: #7baac3; color: white; display: block; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15.36px; font-weight: 900; padding: 2px 0px 2px 10px; text-decoration-line: none;"></a><a href="http://wiki.zmanda.com/index.php/Main_Page" style="background-color: #d7e6ee; color: #0f519a; display: block; font-size: 15.36px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 10px; text-decoration-line: none;">Amanda Wiki</a></div>
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</div>

How to Install and Configure Amanda Backup Server

AMANDA, the Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver, is a backup solution that allows the IT administrator to set up a single mas...

Backup Multiple MySQL Or MariaDB Databases Automatically

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<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Backup Multiple MySQL Or MariaDB Databases Automatically</u></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Introduction</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In this write-up, we'll walk through how to backup multiple <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql">MySQL</a> or <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/MariaDB">MariaDB </a>databases that sit on the same machine using a custom bash script and setting up a cron job.</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sozC_rsONqA/VycdLlIGOxI/AAAAAAAABLw/M2cG5Lv6_tMmUqMGsq1ZbdF8LjfcCRCIQCLcB/s1600/mariadb_backup_mysql_hackthesec.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sozC_rsONqA/VycdLlIGOxI/AAAAAAAABLw/M2cG5Lv6_tMmUqMGsq1ZbdF8LjfcCRCIQCLcB/s1600/mariadb_backup_mysql_hackthesec.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Database Backup(s)</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We have three MySQL databases on our linux server named db-hackthesec-site, db-hackthesec-blog, db-hackthesec-app.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Log on to your MySQL or MariaDB database and run below query to create a database user <b>db_user_backups</b> to handle backups</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">GRANT LOCK TABLES, SELECT ON *.*, SHOW VIEW ON *.*, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'db_user_backups'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '{COMPLEX-PASSWORD}';</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Also run below to make sure MySQL is configured to properly restore stored procedures</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">SET GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Setup the necessarily directory structure and files needed</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># create backup directory with environment and log file
sudo mkdir /backups && cd /backups
sudo touch .env db-backup.sh db-backup.log
sudo chmod -R 775 /backups
sudo chmod -R g+s /backups
sudo chmod +x db-backup.sh

# add mysql backup user credentials into environment file
echo "export MYSQL_USER=db_user_backups" > /backups/.env
echo "export MYSQL_PASS={COMPLEX-PASSWORD}" >> /backups/.env</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Open db-backup.sh <b>nano /backups/db-backup.sh</b> and paste the code below inside it, then save the file (Ctrl+X -> Y -> hit Enter).</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">DB_NAMES=( 'db-hackthesec-site' 'db-</span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 15.6px;">-blog' 'db-</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 15.6px;">-app' ) #replace with your own database name(s)</span>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">BKUP_NAMES=()
BKUP_DIR="/backups"

# get total number of directories
total_dbs=${#DB_NAMES[@]}

# create backup file names
for (( i=0; i<${total_dbs}; i++ )); do
    BKUP_NAMES[$i]="`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`-backup-$${DB_NAMES[$i]}.sql.gz"
done

# get backup users credentials
source $BKUP_DIR/.env

# create backups
for (( i=0; i<${total_dbs}; i++ )); do
    # NOTE: --routines flag makes sure stored procedures are also backed up
    mysqldump --routines -u ${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} | gzip > ${BKUP_DIR}/${BKUP_NAMES[$i]}
done</span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Cronjob Setup</u></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Setup a cronjob to run every midnight that runs the backup script and saves the result/output to backup log.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Open crontab</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">crontab -e</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Add below entry to crontab</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">0 0 * * * /usr/bin/env bash /backups/db-backup.sh &>> /backups/db-backup.log</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Note: While testing you can set cronjob to run every 1 minute instead like below</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">* * * * * /usr/bin/env bash /backups/db-backup.sh &>> /backups/db-backup.log</span></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">-OR- every 5 minutes (replace 5 with the number of minutes you want)</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/env bash /backups/db-backup.sh &>> /backups/db-backup.log</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></span></pre>
</div>

Backup Multiple MySQL Or MariaDB Databases Automatically

Backup Multiple MySQL Or MariaDB Databases Automatically Introduction In this write-up, we'll walk through how to backup multiple MyS...

How to install and configure rsnapshot on RHEL/Centos 6/7

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<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<u><span style="color: #990000;">Install and configure rsnapshot on RHEL/Centos 6/7</span></u></h2>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This tutorial will describe how to set up and use <b>rsnapshot</b>, a remote backup solution based on rsync. Rsnapshot leverages the power of <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/rsync">rsync </a>to create scheduled, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/backup_scripting">incremental backups</a>.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TzVa8C83EpQ/Vv2vYeyCH7I/AAAAAAAABC4/Q6-ZFVkcQrk1ZofcgBk7NfZ0lKB9NpEEA/s1600/How%2BTo%2BInstall%2BRsnapshot_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TzVa8C83EpQ/Vv2vYeyCH7I/AAAAAAAABC4/Q6-ZFVkcQrk1ZofcgBk7NfZ0lKB9NpEEA/s1600/How%2BTo%2BInstall%2BRsnapshot_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This procedure will demonstrate how to create local backups, as well as how to use another cloud server or your home computer as backup space. To complete the procedures in this tutorial, you will need to be logged in as root or preface all commands with "sudo".</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">To install rsnapshot through yum we need to install and enable third-party repository called <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/EPEL">EPEL</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>RHEL/CentOS 7 64 Bit</u></b></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># rpm -ivh epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>RHEL/CentOS 6 32 bit</u></b></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>RHEL/CentOS 6 64-Bit</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">After installation EPEL Repository use the following yum command to install rsnapshot.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># yum install rsnapshot</span></span></pre>
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<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Configuring Rsnapshot</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now open <b>rsnapshot.conf</b> file with vi or nano editor.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># vi /etc/rsnapshot.conf</span></span></pre>
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<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Next create a backup directory, where you want to store backup of your important data. In my case I will create my backup directory called <b>"/home/backup/"</b>. Search following line in <b>/etc/rsnapshot.conf</b> and add following parameter to set where you want to store all your important data as backup.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">snapshot_root                           /home/backup/</span></span></pre>
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<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Also uncomment the"<b>cmd_ssh</b>" line to allow to take remote backups over SSH.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">cmd_ssh                                  /usr/bin/ssh</span></span></pre>
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<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Next step is that, you need to decide how many old backups you would like to keep.This will take backup every six hours on a day but you can set your own schedule as per your requirements such as hourly, daily, weekly and monthly basis.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 18.5714px;">#           BACKUP INTERVALS            #

# Must be unique and in ascending order #

# i.e. hourly, daily, weekly, etc.      #

#########################################

interval        hourly  6

interval        daily   7

interval        weekly  4

interval        monthly 3</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Backup Local Directories</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If you want backup your directories locally to the same machine then follow the steps.  If you want take a backup from windows client then first you need to mount directory in Linux machine.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">backup             /hackthesec/                    localhost/

backup             /etc/                           localhost/</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Backup Remote Directories</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If you want to backup up remote server directories then you need to follow the easy steps. I am taking a backup of my remote server "/home" directory under "/home/backup" directory on rsnapshot server.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">backup        root@example.com:/home/             /home/backup/</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Verify Rsnapshot Configuration</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;"># rsnapshot configtest
# rsnapshot -t hourly</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal;"><b><u>
</u></b></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333;"><div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; text-decoration: underline;">
Automating the Process</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Now i will show you how to schedule our backup process. In Linux we use cron jobs in order to schedule task. By default, rsnapshot comes with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/cron">cron </a>file under "/etc/cron.d/rsnapshot", if it’s doesn’t exists create one and add the following lines to it. If rules already exist then you need to remove the "#" from of the scheduling section to enable these values.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 18.5714px;"># This is a sample cron file for rsnapshot.
# The values used correspond to the examples in /etc/rsnapshot.conf.
# There you can also set the backup points and many other things.
#
# To activate this cron file you have to uncomment the lines below.
# Feel free to adapt it to your needs.
0 */4 * * * root /usr/bin/rsnapshot hourly
 
30 3 * * * root /usr/bin/rsnapshot daily
 
0 3 * * 1 root /usr/bin/rsnapshot weekly
 
30 2 1 * * root /usr/bin/rsnapshot monthly</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></pre>
</div>
</span></div>
</div>

How to install and configure rsnapshot on RHEL/Centos 6/7

Install and configure rsnapshot on RHEL/Centos 6/7 This tutorial will describe how to set up and use rsnapshot , a remote backup soluti...

How To Create An Off-Site Backup Of Your Site With Rsync On Centos 6

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="content-title" style="background-color: white; font-family: proxima-nova, sans-serif; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;"><u>Backup Of Your Site With Rsync On Centos 6</u></span></h1>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">There are two ways to do backup: incremental and full backups. A full backup copies all the data, while the snapshot only handles the changes since the last update.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QWv7svSDvs4/VtlULumZDyI/AAAAAAAAA8A/8_FB_j50XSM/s1600/Rsync-data-backup-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QWv7svSDvs4/VtlULumZDyI/AAAAAAAAA8A/8_FB_j50XSM/s1600/Rsync-data-backup-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: large;">Full Backup</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Full backup typically does the following:</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<ul>
<li>Make an archive of all the files in a folder</li>
<li>Copy the resulting archive to a remote server.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
As noted, our data will reside in /var/www/wordpress directory. We will designate a backup folder location.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;">mkdir -p /backup/wordpress</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">The above command will create a /backup directory, and a /backup/wordpress directory, if they do not exist. To create a full snapshot of our data, we use the linux tool called tar.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">tar -czf /backup/wordpress/initial_backup.tar.gz </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">/var/www/wordpress</span></div>
</pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Tar will create a gzip archive in a file initial_backup.tar.gz. We could add a v flag (so we get tar -czvf) if we want a verbose output (list of filenames). We name the file initial_backup.tar.gz so that we know that this is an initial backup, it is archived with tar and iz is zipped in a gzip format. Tar will use whatever arguments we provide as a source, in our case it will backup /var/www/wordpress directory. We could pass two or more arguments, whether they be files or folders: ie.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="line-height: 15.6px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">tar -czf /backup/cms_systems_backup.tar.gz /var/www/wordpress </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">/var/www/drupal /var/www/joomla</span></div>
</pre>
</div>
<div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
The last command would backup all of our installed cms systems.</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Now, for our future backups, we may want to add a date when the backup was taken:</div>
<div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="line-height: 15.6px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">tar -czf /backup/wordpress/wordpress-`date '+%m%d%y'`.tar.gz </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">/var/www/wordpress</span></div>
</pre>
</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Lets' see what we have now:</span></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">ls -l /backup/wordpress/
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: transparent;">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4995743 Mar 4 12:16 initial_backup.tar.gz</span></div>
total 9760
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: transparent;">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4995743 Mar 4 12:25 wordpress-041713.tar.gz</span></div>
</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now, to schedule this daily, we need to create a crontab entry. Crontab is a linux task scheduler: we tell it when to do something and what task to actually do. Anyway, we open up the crontab editor:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">crontab -e</span></span></pre>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now we need to tell cron to backup, say, every day at 3.30am, when there is hopefully not a lot of traffic. We will also tell it to email us any findings. We put this content into crontab:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-align: left; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">MAILTO=email@example.com
30 3 * * * /bin/tar -czf /backup/wordpress/wordpress-`date +\%m\%d\%y`.tar.gz /var/www/wordpress</pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We save the file with CTRL-X and confirm with Y and Enter. The above command will tell linux to repeat our command every day at 3:30. We also told cron to email us with the results. </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Copy the Backups to Another Remote Server</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">To copy the backups to another remote server, we will use scp - secure copy. First, we need to generate an SSH key:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">ssh-keygen</span></span></pre>
<div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We can leave the passphrase empty for now, and use the /root/.ssh/id_rsa_backup key file (or /home/username/.ssh/id_rsa_backup if we're not running as root). Now we can check the public key part:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">cat .ssh/id_rsa_backup.pub</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We need to copy this public part of SSH key to the remote server, to a file authorized_keys. I assume we already have a remote server called backup.example.com and a user backup.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">scp .ssh/id_rsa_backup.pub
backup@backup.example.com:/home/backup/backup_key.pub</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We'll be prompted for the backup users' password. We copied the file, now let's add it where it should be, in authorized_keys. I cannot assume that this user already has the file and folder set up, so lets check that info:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">ssh backup@backup.example.com "mkdir -p /home/backup/.ssh"

</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">ssh backup@backup.example.com "mkdir -p /home/backup/backups"</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">The few commands above created a directory for SSH to work with, if it didn't exist, and also the authorized_keys file, which needs to be present for backups to work. We also created a backups directory to store our files to. Now what is left is to copy our public key to that file.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">ssh backup@backup.example.com "cat /home/backup/backup_key.pub >> /home/backup/.ssh/authorized_keys"</span></span></pre>
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<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Now we can use this key to copy stuff in the future.</div>
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Now, let's copy the backup file over there:</div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">scp -i .ssh/id_rsa_backup
/backup/wordpress/wordpress-041713.tar.gz backup@backup.example.com:/home/backup/backups</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If our key setup was correct, the file will be copied and we won't be asked for passwords. We can check that the file is really there:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">ssh backup@backup.example.com "ls -l /home/backup/backups"</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Ok, we can now schedule this action to the crontab too. Start the crontab editor again:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">crontab -e</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We will now alter our backup line: we want to add info to copy our backup archive when it's created. So, we append the new command so that it looks like this:</span></span></div>
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<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-align: left; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">30 3 * * * /bin/tar -czf /backup/wordpress/wordpress-`date
+\%m\%d\%y`.tar.gz /var/www/wordpress;/usr/bin/scp -i
/root/.ssh/id_rsa_backup /backup/wordpress/wordpress-`date
+\%m\%d\%y`.tar.gz
backup@backup.example.com:/home/backup/backups</pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Incremental Backup</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">But what if we have our own backup software at another server? We just want to synchronize the data over, and then leave the other server to do the backup work. In addition, we want to preserve file stamps. Then we use rsync. The use case here is that we want to just incrementally copy over everything from /var/www/wordpress to a remote server, this time to a /home/backup/snapshots/wordpress directory. Here is a simple command to do all that:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">ssh backup@backup.example.com "mkdir -p /home/backup/sync" rsync -avz --delete -e "ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_backup" /var/www/wordpress backup@backup.example.com:/home/backup/sync</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">The first line creates a snapshot directory and the second copies the changed files over. That means the files that were modified, newly created or deleted. We can schedule it in cron too:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">crontab -e</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">The crontab line should look like this:</span></span></div>
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<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-align: left; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">30 3 * * * /usr/bin/rsync -avz --delete -e "ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_backup" /var/www/wordpress backup@backup.example.com:/home/backup/sync</pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Backup Database</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">We can also backup our database. First, we want to dump the data. If we followed the wordpress install guide, we also have a database wordpress, accessed by user wordpressuser with password password. We can do the initial dump like this:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">/]</span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;"># </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;">mkdir /backup/mysql
mysqldump < wordpress -u wordpressuser -ppassword | gzip > /backup/mysql/initial.sql.gz</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This command created a initial.sql.gz gziped SQL file. To do it on a daily basis, we can schedule it in cron, like before. Our resulting cron line should look like this:</span></span></div>
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<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-align: left; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">0 4 * * * /usr/bin/mysqldump < wordpress -u wordpressuser
-ppassword | /bin/gzip > /backup/mysql/mysql--`date +\%m\%d\%y`.sql.gz</pre>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now we could also combine it with scp or rsync to copy it remotely.</span></span></div>
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<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-align: left; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">0 4 * * * /usr/bin/mysqldump < wordpress -u wordpressuser
-ppassword | /bin/gzip > /backup/mysql/mysql-`date +\%m\%d\%y`.sql.gz;
/usr/bin/scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_backup /backup/mysql/mysql-`date
+\%m\%d\%y`.sql.gz  backup@backup.example.com:/home/backup/
</pre>
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<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">HACKTHESEC.CO.IN</a></div>
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