Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: linux_backup

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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">AMANDA, the Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver, is a backup solution that allows the IT administrator to set up a single master backup server to back up multiple hosts over network to tape drives/changers or disks or optical media. Amanda uses native utilities and formats (e.g. dump and/or GNU tar) and can back up a large number of servers and workstations running multiple versions of Linux or Unix.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8r3zI99geeFCqnAhyL_W4ik18Y2ec0_hKGF2wSvyU4U0dgSK0miJgw1xFeuvbRMWYRoeVwiF0YUm6D89lr2QNPKYSqXYs2LI96wZoVv-nz9VoQdEVHvRd1ymdfG1px2u_Nvpt6BySxig/s1600/amanda1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="611" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8r3zI99geeFCqnAhyL_W4ik18Y2ec0_hKGF2wSvyU4U0dgSK0miJgw1xFeuvbRMWYRoeVwiF0YUm6D89lr2QNPKYSqXYs2LI96wZoVv-nz9VoQdEVHvRd1ymdfG1px2u_Nvpt6BySxig/s1600/amanda1.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b>Install Amanda Server</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b>==============</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Install amanda packages using yum:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"># </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">yum install -y amanda*</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Create the configuration file. I am going to name this backup project is ServerNetBackup. We need to create a directory named by this project and all configuration files for this project will be underneath it:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"># </span></span><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">mkdir /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Create the core configuration file, amanda.conf:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">vim /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/amanda.conf</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And paste following line:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">org "ServerNetBackup"                 # Organization name for reports
mailto "address@hackthesec.co.in"        # Email address to receive reports
netusage 10000 Kbps                   # Bandwidth limit, 10M
 
dumpcycle 1 week                      # Backup cycle is 7 days
runspercycle 7                        # Run 7 times every 7 days
tapecycle 15 tapes                    # Dump to 15 different tapes during the cycle
tpchanger "chg-disk"                  # The tape-changer glue script
 
changerfile "/etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/changer"     # The tape-changer file
 
tapedev "file://central_backup/ServerNetBackup/slots" # The no-rewind tape device to be used
tapetype HARDDISK                                     # Define the type of tape
 
infofile "/etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/curinfo"        # Database directory
logdir "/etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/logs"             # Log directory
indexdir "/etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/index"          # Index directory
 
define tapetype HARDDISK {                            # Define our tape behaviour
length 100000 mbytes                                  # Every tape is 100GB in size
}
 
amrecover_changer "changer"                           # Changer for amrecover
 
define dumptype global {                              # The global dump definition
maxdumps 2                                            # The maximum number of backups run in parallel
estimate calcsize                                     # Estimate the backup size before dump
holdingdisk yes                                       # Dump to temp disk (holdingdisk) before backup to tape
index yes                                             # Generate index. For restoration usage
}
 
define dumptype root-tar {                            # How to dump root's directory
global                                                # Include global (as above)
program "GNUTAR"                                      # Program name for compress
comment "root partitions dumped with tar"
compress none                                         # No compress
index                                                 # Index this dump
priority low                                          # Priority level
}
 
define dumptype user-tar {                            # How to dump user's directory
root-tar                                              # Include root-tar (as above)
comment "user partitions dumped with tar"
priority medium                                       # Priority level
}
 
define dumptype comp-user-tar {                       # How to dump & compress user's directory
user-tar                                              # Include user-tar (as above)
compress client fast                                  # Compress in client side with less CPU (fast)
}</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Configure Backup Location</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">=================</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Prepare the directory to store all backups:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">mkdir -p /central_backup/ServerNetBackup/slots</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Assign correct permission to user amandabackup for the configuration directory and backup directory:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ chown amandabackup.disk /central_backup -Rf
$ chown amandabackup.disk /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup -Rf</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Login as user amandabackup:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">su - amandabackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Create the virtual tape. This is where the backup files will be stored. We will need to create 15 slots as per tapecycle keyword:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ for n in `seq 1 15`; do mkdir /central_backup/ServerNetBackup/slots/slot${n}; done</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">We then need to label all slots:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ for n in `seq 1 15` ; do amlabel ServerNetBackup ServerNetBackup-${n} slot ${n}; done</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Create all required directories as defined in the configuration file:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ mkdir /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/curinfo
$ mkdir /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/logs
$ mkdir /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/index</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Configure Service and What to Backup</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">We need to define what to backup in a file called disklist. As user amandabackup, create this file:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ su - amandabackup
$ vim /etc/amanda/ServerNetBackup/disklist</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And add following line:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">sv101.hackthesec.co.in /home/webby/public_html   comp-user-tar
gogogo.hackthesec.co.in  /etc                      root-tar</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Notes: Make sure the hostname is FQDN and can be resolved to an IP. Add the host entry into /etc/hosts is recomended.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Exit from amandabackup user and get back to root user:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Enable amanda service in xinetd.d directory:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">vim /etc/xinetd.d/amanda</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And change following line from "yes" to "no"</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Enable on boot and restart xinetd service:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ chkconfig xinetd on
$ service xinetd restart</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Check the amanda server whether it is running properly by using following command:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ netstat -a | grep amanda
udp        0          0       *:amanda                *:*</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If you see result as above, amanda server is ready to serve!</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Install Amanda Backup Client</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">======================</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Login to the client’s server and install required package for Amanda using yum:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ yum install -y amanda amanda-client</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">As user amandabackup, add following line into /var/lib/amanda/.amandahosts to specify where is Amanda backup server:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ su - amandabackup
$ vim /var/lib/amanda/.amandahosts</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And make sure the value as below:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">office.hackthesec.co.in amandabackup amdump
localhost amandabackup amdump
localhost.localdomain amandabackup amdump</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Exit from user amandabackup and turn to root user:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Enable amanda service in xinetd.d directory:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ vim /etc/xinetd.d/amanda</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And change following line from"yes" to "no"</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Enable on boot and start the xinetd service</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ chkconfig xinetd on
$ service xinetd start</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Add an entry in /etc/hosts to define backup server IP by adding following line:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">125.10.90.90      office.hackthesec.co.in</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">In some case, you may need to change the permission of the directory that you want to backup. For example, I need to allow user amandabackup to access directory /home/webby/public_html to create backup:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">As root user, change the permission of the directory:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ chmod 755 /home/webby</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Run the Backup Process</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">=================</span></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Now go back to the Amanda server and check our configuration file as amandabackup user:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ su - amandabackup
$ amcheck ServerNetBackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">You should see the output similar to this:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Client check: 2 host checked in 2.070 seconds.  0 problems found.</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If no error found, you can start the backup process immediately by running following command:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ amdump ServerNetBackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Or, we can automate this process using cronjob. Run following command as amandabackup user:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ crontab -e</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And add following line:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">45 0 * * 2-6 /usr/sbin/amdump ServerNetBackup</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">As root user, reload the crond service to activate this job:</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">$ service crond reload</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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How to Install and Configure Amanda Backup Server

AMANDA, the Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver, is a backup solution that allows the IT administrator to set up a single master backup server to back up multiple hosts over network to …