Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: Rhel7

How to Install iRedMail (Mail Server) on CentOS 7 and RHEL 7

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<span style="color: red;"><u><i>Install iRedMail (Mail Server) on CentOS 7 & RHEL 7</i></u></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "pt" serif , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">iRedMail is a full-featured <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mail_Server" target="_blank">mail server</a> solution, it provides basic features like unlimited virtual mail accounts, POP3/IMAP/SMTP, AJAX webmail. Below are some highlights :</span></span></span><br />
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<strong>Highlight features</strong></div>
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<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#supported_distro_arch" style="color: #00579c;">Works on 7 Major Linux/BSD Distributions</a></span></li>
<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#fast_deployment" style="color: #00579c;">Fast Deployment, Low Maintenance, Unlimited Accounts</a></span></li>
<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#supported_backends" style="color: #00579c;">Stores Mail Accounts in one of supported 4 backends: OpenLDAP, MySQL, MariaDB and PostgreSQL</a></span></li>
<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#caldav_carddav" style="color: #00579c;">Calendar service (CalDAV) and Contact service (CardDAV)</a></span></li>
<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#service_restrictions" style="color: #00579c;">Service Restrictions</a></span></li>
<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#throttling" style="color: #00579c;">Sender & Recipient Throttling</a></span></li>
<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#antispam" style="color: #00579c;">Anti-Spam & Anti-Virus</a></span></li>
<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#webmail" style="color: #00579c;">WebMail: AJAX, Global LDAP Address Book, Vacation, Filter</a></span></li>
<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#misc" style="color: #00579c;">Misc</a></span></li>
<li style="color: #6a97bf; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/features.html#process" style="color: #00579c;">Main components and working process</a></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px;">In this article we will demonstrate how to install and configure iRedMail on CentOS 7 & RHEL 7. </span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">   OS = CentOS 7 or RHEL 7</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">   Domain = hackthesec.co.in</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">   Server Hostname = mail.hackthesec.co.in</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px;"> In case if you want mails from your mail server to be delivered in inbox not in spam folder then update the DNS records like A & PTR  before installation and TXT ( SPF & DKIM ) after installation.</span></blockquote>
<h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.3px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step:1 Set hostname and disable Selinux.</span></span></h4>
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Set the proper hostname using <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">hostnamectl</span> command if it is not set.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: monaco, 'courier new', 'dejavu sans mono', 'bitstream vera sans mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;">hostnamectl </span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">set-hostname mail.hackthesec.co.in
[root@</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">hackthesec</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">hostname </span><span style="color: white;">-f</span></span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">mail.hackthesec.co.in</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Update the <span style="color: #990000;">/etc/hosts</span> file</span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); color: white; font-family: monaco, 'courier new', 'dejavu sans mono', 'bitstream vera sans mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;">127.0.0.1 mail.hackthesec.co.in localhost.localdomain localhost</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'pt serif', serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Disable <span style="color: #990000;">Selinux</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: monaco, 'courier new', 'dejavu sans mono', 'bitstream vera sans mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">[root@</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">hackthesec</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">setenforce </span><span style="color: white;">0</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Edit the file /<span style="color: red;">etc/sysconfig/selinux</span> , set the parameter “<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">SELINUX=disabled</span>”</span> , Reboot the server to disable selinux completely.</span></div>
<h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.3px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step:2 Download the tar file of iRedmail.</span></span></h4>
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Download the latest version of iRedmail from their <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333399; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.iredmail.org/download.html" style="border: 0px; color: #333399; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Official Web Site</a></span></span> or use below wget command to download from terminal.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "monaco" , "courier new" , "dejavu sans mono" , "bitstream vera sans mono" , monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[root@</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "monaco" , "courier new" , "dejavu sans mono" , "bitstream vera sans mono" , monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;">hackthesec</span><span style="font-family: "monaco" , "courier new" , "dejavu sans mono" , "bitstream vera sans mono" , monospace; font-size: large; line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;"> ~]# wget </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: "monaco" , "courier new" , "dejavu sans mono" , "bitstream vera sans mono" , monospace; font-size: large;">https://bitbucket.org/zhb/iredmail/downloads/iRedMail-0.9.4.tar.bz2</span></span></pre>
<h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.3px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step:3 Extract the tar file & execute installation Script.</span></span></h4>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: monaco, 'courier new', 'dejavu sans mono', 'bitstream vera sans mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">[root@</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"> ~]# ll</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">total 124
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;">-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 126277 Feb 15 19:12 iRedMail-0.9.4.tar.bz2
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">[root@</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"> ~]#</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">[root@</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">hackthesec</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"> ~]# tar -jxvf </span><span style="color: lime;">iRedMail-0.9.4.tar.bz2</span></span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">[root@</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"> ~]# cd iRedMail-0.9.4</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">[root@</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"> iRedMail-0.9.4]# </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">sh iRedMail.sh</span></span></pre>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px;">After couple of seconds , below screen will appear , Select yes and press enter.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;">Define the folder or directory where users mailbox will be stored.</span></div>
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Select the web Server for iRedmail. Default is Nginx.</div>
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Select the database of your choice which will store domain names and mail accounts. In my case i am using MariaDB.</div>
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Define the domain name for your mail server. In my case domain name is “<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">hackthesec.co.in</span>”</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibjnpbDxs_AgGmljeAKli1XaXjZjdi3-c5P_b7g23yXWkPSv3H8GgzGa_3TYd-qL2c_Wb1p20x7k2IqKbKkAq9h5qvvp7MvaY9XaPKKlWUzO_aEMll-G4UHgL-8ferdfoKVzgFQUxeOkeD/s1600/domain-name-for-iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibjnpbDxs_AgGmljeAKli1XaXjZjdi3-c5P_b7g23yXWkPSv3H8GgzGa_3TYd-qL2c_Wb1p20x7k2IqKbKkAq9h5qvvp7MvaY9XaPKKlWUzO_aEMll-G4UHgL-8ferdfoKVzgFQUxeOkeD/s640/domain-name-for-iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Set Password for postmaster account.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiNeobQl_pSqv3Ixucl7dz4hqrtTqROpuJ1fMBOZrFptLYVynR0ng8QoBWn-oTOMfbAQL5eOtbhuWDslmv6MqCfaOH4r9yjzZgSZFTE1iayTwtdAHlvNpJ_1aU2xSGlIH94mOB9B1aQaIx/s1600/postmaster-password-iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiNeobQl_pSqv3Ixucl7dz4hqrtTqROpuJ1fMBOZrFptLYVynR0ng8QoBWn-oTOMfbAQL5eOtbhuWDslmv6MqCfaOH4r9yjzZgSZFTE1iayTwtdAHlvNpJ_1aU2xSGlIH94mOB9B1aQaIx/s640/postmaster-password-iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Select Optional Components of iRedmail installation</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh46zVNpsb-PeddYyDJPCohVvGe2C9b5ME5ATrxWE-2tpOnd2wb3F0RXNDP8KXd2vHqP1wBKZxkzPKBMIehoKTMAblo2Fjn9f-v4Cu6Nb_bj_GXP3WfO3kZbS0YEBOsZlWFE28DpHaSJ4Dc/s1600/components-iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh46zVNpsb-PeddYyDJPCohVvGe2C9b5ME5ATrxWE-2tpOnd2wb3F0RXNDP8KXd2vHqP1wBKZxkzPKBMIehoKTMAblo2Fjn9f-v4Cu6Nb_bj_GXP3WfO3kZbS0YEBOsZlWFE28DpHaSJ4Dc/s640/components-iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px;">Press “</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 22.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">y</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px;">” to continue installation, Mail Server info & Credentials are kept in the file “</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 22.4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/root/iRedMail-0.9.4/config”</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px;">. Please keep this file in secure place.</span></div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: "monaco" , "courier new" , "dejavu sans mono" , "bitstream vera sans mono" , monospace;"><span style="line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;">*************************************************************************
*****************************WARNING*************************************
*************************************************************************
*
* Below file contains sensitive information (username/password), please *
* do remember to *MOVE* it to a safe place after installation.  *
*          *
*    * /root/iRedMail-0.9.4/config
*         *
*************************************************************************
*****************************Review your settings************************
*************************************************************************

* Storage base directory:     /var/vmail
* Mailboxes:     /var/vmail/vmail1
* Daily backup of SQL/LDAP databases:  /var/vmail/backup
* Store mail accounts in:   MariaDB
* Web server:     Nginx
* First mail domain name:   hackthesec.co.in
* Mail domain admin:    postmaster@hackthesec.co.in
* Additional components:   iRedAdmin Roundcubemail SOGo Awstats Fail2ban

< Question > Continue? [y|N]y</span></span></pre>
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<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: "monaco" , "courier new" , "dejavu sans mono" , "bitstream vera sans mono" , monospace;"><span style="line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;">*****************************************************************
*URL of Installed web applications:
*
* - Roundcube webmail: https://mail.hackthesec.co.in/mail
* - SOGo groupware: https://mail.hackthesec.co.in/SOGo/
*
* - Web admin panel (iRedAdmin): https://mail.hackthesec.co.in/iredadmin/
*
* You can login to above links with below credential:
*
* - Username: postmaster@hackthesec.co.in
* - Password: 123456
*
*
******************************************************************
* Congratulations, mail server setup completed successfully.
* Please read the below file for more information:
*
*   - /root/iRedMail-0.9.4/iRedMail.tips
*
* And it's sent to your mail account postmaster@hackthesec.co.in
*
**************************WARNING**********************************
*
*Please reboot your system to enable all mail services.
*
***************************************************************</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
As per instructions , reboot the server to enable all mail services.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Postfix mail logs and iRedmail logs are stored in “<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/var/log/maillog</span>” and “<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/var/log/iredapd/iredapd.log</span>” respectively.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: navy; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Note :</span></span> Default administrator name is “postmaster@hackthesec.co.in”</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Following are the Important URLs after the Installation is completed , replace the domain name as per your setup in mentioned URLs.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">iRedAdmin – official web-based admin panel:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: navy; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://mail.hackthesec.co.in/iredadmin/</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Username: postmaster@<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">hackthesec.co.in</span>, password: 123456</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Roundcube webmail URL :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: navy; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://mail.<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">hackthesec.co.in</span>/mail/</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SOGo Groupware</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: navy; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://mail.<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">hackthesec.co.in</span>/SOGo/</span></div>
<h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.3px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step:4 Create Users & domain from Admin Panel.</span></span></h4>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
To create users first login to admin panel. Use user name as “<span style="border: 0px; color: navy; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">postmaster@<domain></span>” and password that we set during installation.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJcYpK8BwQWIiTbkBoBRBKaMBI-E0KIKave2z9Y530XkSy6xQtOfxRhqFCoC6fN7AV9VHjCoOXO6o3bei9Lwdj7RFUJ4xwNhvjU38YeY8BbDs6cY5JeyGjiGdI17FXIlM286EINC5OVOTr/s1600/postmaster-login_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJcYpK8BwQWIiTbkBoBRBKaMBI-E0KIKave2z9Y530XkSy6xQtOfxRhqFCoC6fN7AV9VHjCoOXO6o3bei9Lwdj7RFUJ4xwNhvjU38YeY8BbDs6cY5JeyGjiGdI17FXIlM286EINC5OVOTr/s640/postmaster-login_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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After Login Done. Create a user...</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyy1qP1_pVxGreLT11TIW6K4oyc52qwvf6aF_2H0MBh-BB4o5dcFuuVU0kd6iTFRbL79YCWppMxlbm0ShQixx8FG8TRnM2XQv-SfdUuWe9VqyQ3c0aleoD6GZLDwk122qSYBSSviOiqFro/s1600/usercreation_iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyy1qP1_pVxGreLT11TIW6K4oyc52qwvf6aF_2H0MBh-BB4o5dcFuuVU0kd6iTFRbL79YCWppMxlbm0ShQixx8FG8TRnM2XQv-SfdUuWe9VqyQ3c0aleoD6GZLDwk122qSYBSSviOiqFro/s640/usercreation_iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixnSEEKQ_dkk-fu0mJCPGUjqunJPVbtu0j0JqehuIEdk6CUqIhrNPHqi4iUVBcJrBF2Ww5E6Cx9-MGLp_eAQ2ljerJs73RFWmJIWy_tQlbi9BMz0FNDRyGHpVv8KjNoysgm7_xTXKRMhxF/s1600/useradd_iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixnSEEKQ_dkk-fu0mJCPGUjqunJPVbtu0j0JqehuIEdk6CUqIhrNPHqi4iUVBcJrBF2Ww5E6Cx9-MGLp_eAQ2ljerJs73RFWmJIWy_tQlbi9BMz0FNDRyGHpVv8KjNoysgm7_xTXKRMhxF/s640/useradd_iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Add a new Domain :</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
From the admin Panel , Select “<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Domain & accounts”</span> option and then click on Add domain</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9NOHRZqfdJd5O9Fej4Hh7D5Wtb2ySkZtgz-pzJ2HC9NiMbHpt0M16Mwbw7iG_udlY05jDj5LYRvP6-59RS67qg0AU4h1jxDmE3zT7vIdVfqtpG4OnVASqUPsnYYkC0DR_s36f78MypFMG/s1600/domain_add_iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9NOHRZqfdJd5O9Fej4Hh7D5Wtb2ySkZtgz-pzJ2HC9NiMbHpt0M16Mwbw7iG_udlY05jDj5LYRvP6-59RS67qg0AU4h1jxDmE3zT7vIdVfqtpG4OnVASqUPsnYYkC0DR_s36f78MypFMG/s640/domain_add_iredmail_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpR7CvL5hP9xLtgcfQA_vftp27r2-X8VxgTfxPyJYkAiEQwtyessqSRMIMiEva5Gu5DK5TomPNNWzBbrsNCbUsey-I3tftXnb1rbYiL55O3ioqC9dRmtdMvpLzMzW7-3R3LX4BPNKCX6iM/s1600/domain-add_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpR7CvL5hP9xLtgcfQA_vftp27r2-X8VxgTfxPyJYkAiEQwtyessqSRMIMiEva5Gu5DK5TomPNNWzBbrsNCbUsey-I3tftXnb1rbYiL55O3ioqC9dRmtdMvpLzMzW7-3R3LX4BPNKCX6iM/s640/domain-add_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Step:5 Access Roundcube (Webmail).</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Open the url in the browser “<span style="border: 0px; color: navy; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://mail.hackthesec.co.in/mail/</span>” , replace the domain name as per your setup.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br />
<a href="https://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity" target="_blank">HackTheSecTwitter</a></div>
</div>
</div>

How to Install iRedMail (Mail Server) on CentOS 7 and RHEL 7

Install iRedMail (Mail Server) on CentOS 7 & RHEL 7 iRedMail is a full-featured mail server solution, it provides basic features ...

Disabling the TRACE method in Apache2

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<h1 class="western">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: istok web, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><u><i>Disabling
the TRACE method in Apache2</i></u></span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">By
default, </span><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache2 </a><span style="font-weight: normal;">supports the </span>HTTP <span style="font-weight: normal;">TRACE method, which could expose
your server to certain Cross-Site Scripting attacks. In this
tutorial, I will show you how to check for TRACE support on your
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Apache" target="_blank">Apache2 </a>server using curl, and then switch it off if it is enabled.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsqRHtym_vFI-Wol6O32jFlSlnzFqddnTbPadAk3_dpHLmRX-4f0htUdDxAB61V39wWlI3eP7uSarHbzIUwrooJjuua1rUYNSd8TkLqpeWjqEfKLSdBeKFSX1eBnqeuigU5yUPWbMTYCa6/s1600/apache_asf_logo_url_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="129" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsqRHtym_vFI-Wol6O32jFlSlnzFqddnTbPadAk3_dpHLmRX-4f0htUdDxAB61V39wWlI3eP7uSarHbzIUwrooJjuua1rUYNSd8TkLqpeWjqEfKLSdBeKFSX1eBnqeuigU5yUPWbMTYCa6/s320/apache_asf_logo_url_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-family: 'istok web', sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 1;">
<br />
</div>
</h1>
<h2 align="LEFT" class="western" style="background: #ffffff; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in; orphans: 1;">
<code class="western"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: istok web, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><u>Testing
for TRACE support with curl</u></span></span></code></h2>
<h1 style="background-color: white; border: none; margin: 0px;">
<div align="LEFT" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'istok web', sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 1;">

</div>
<pre style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #363636; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">$ curl -i -X TRACE http://www.linuxtutorial.net/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2013 14:22:56 GMT
</span><span style="color: lime;">Server: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)
</span><span style="color: white;">Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: message/http

TRACE / HTTP/1.1
</span><span style="color: lime;">User-Agent: curl/7.21.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.21.7 NSS/3.13.3.0 zlib/1.2.5 libidn/1.22 libssh2/1.2.7
</span><span style="color: white;">Host: www.linuxtutorial.net
Accept: */*</span></span></span></pre>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 1;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">As
you can see, I am getting a response from the server for the TRACE
request. Now let us disable it.</span></span></div>
</h1>
<h2 align="LEFT" class="western" style="orphans: 1;">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: x-large;"><u>Disabling TRACE support in Apache2</u></span></h2>
<h1 style="background-color: white; border: none; margin: 0px;">
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 1;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">To
switch off TRACE support, you need to open your main Apache2
configuration file which is here on my CentOS box:</span></span></div>
<pre class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #363636; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: 'istok web', sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.16in; margin-top: 0.16in; orphans: 1; padding: 0.19in 0.21in;"><span style="font-family: "courier new", "courier", monospace;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><code class="western"><span style="color: white;">nano /etc/httpd/conf/</span><span style="color: lime;">httpd.conf</span></code></span></span></pre>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-family: 'istok web', sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 1;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia", "times new roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Now
add this directive to that file (I added it to the bottom of the
file):</span></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #363636; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: lime;">TraceEnable </span><span style="color: white;">off</span></span></span></pre>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-family: 'istok web', sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 1;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia", "times new roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">...and
restart Apache2:</span></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #363636; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: 'istok web', sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><pre class="western" style="font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 0.2in; orphans: 1;"><span style="font-family: "courier new", "courier", monospace;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white;">service </span><span style="color: lime;">httpd restart</span></span></span></pre>
</pre>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-family: 'istok web', sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 1;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia", "times new roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Now
when I run the same curl command again from my client machine, this
is the response I get:</span></span></span></div>
<pre class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #363636; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: 'istok web', sans-serif; line-height: 0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.16in; margin-top: 0.16in; orphans: 1; padding: 0.19in 0.21in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">$ curl -i -X TRACE http://www.linuxtutorial.net/</span></span></code>
<code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed</span></span></code>
<code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2013 14:30:32 GMT</span></span></code>
<span style="color: lime;"><code class="western"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Server: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)</span></code>
</span><code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Allow: </span></span></code>
<code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Content-Length: 223</span></span></code>
<code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1</span></span></code>

<span style="color: lime;"><code class="western"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"></span></code>
</span><code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><html><head></span></span></code>
<span style="color: lime;"><code class="western"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><title>405 Method Not Allowed</title></span></code>
</span><code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></head><body></span></span></code>
<code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><h1>Method Not Allowed</h1></span></span></code>
<code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><p>The requested method TRACE is not allowed for the URL /.</p></span></span></code>
<span style="font-family: "courier new", "courier", monospace;"><code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></body></html></span></span></code></span></span></pre>
<pre class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #363636; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: 'istok web', sans-serif; line-height: 0.2in; margin-bottom: 0.16in; margin-top: 0.16in; orphans: 1; padding: 0.19in 0.21in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "courier new", "courier", monospace;"><code class="western"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a>
@hackthesecurity</span></span></code></span></span></pre>
</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>

Disabling the TRACE method in Apache2

Disabling the TRACE method in Apache2 By default, Apache2 supports the HTTP TRACE method, which could expose your server to certain C...

How to enable User and Group Disk Quota on CentOS 7 and RHEL 7

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<h1 class="post-title" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><i><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">User and Group Disk Quota on CentOS 7 & RHEL 7</span></i></u></h1>
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As a Linux system admin we generally face low disk space issues. By implementing the user and group disk quota on the file system we can resolve the space issue.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLiIUcIRYM9FGu4bkiR30d3x17PGr4K1UBgBqCmdd5nj27lng7N3mjbOcz2xIM9d0tTTCzKGMHQ9TJpl28D-7FYhM1N6Zp_-chCHUbdDOYw2uVugpAJDmn4VDDxfwCXlvaDgI_xPacmP2w/s1600/disk_quota_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLiIUcIRYM9FGu4bkiR30d3x17PGr4K1UBgBqCmdd5nj27lng7N3mjbOcz2xIM9d0tTTCzKGMHQ9TJpl28D-7FYhM1N6Zp_-chCHUbdDOYw2uVugpAJDmn4VDDxfwCXlvaDgI_xPacmP2w/s200/disk_quota_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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Quota restricts the users to use only allowed disk and inodes on the particular file system. In this post we will discuss how to enable user & group disk quota on /home File system on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/centos7" target="_blank">CentOS 7</a> & <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Rhel7" target="_blank">RHEL 7</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<h5 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #155c8e; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
Step:1 Add usrquota & grpquota option on /home in /etc/fstab file.</h5>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# vi /etc/</span><span style="color: lime;">fstab</span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxzKXTJt-U8tGDhFFVbNVLPD14J5cNoK7_UQI9Ez0v9UwnVLWo7JN0XyYiI8qPfeZfG5stO_irf99QIEskJPSWVUTcnjgHvUOtRHWU2wciCL4b263ZgQtBkxjOuBIcN2JQ3nlGKKXEPM38/s1600/home-quota_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxzKXTJt-U8tGDhFFVbNVLPD14J5cNoK7_UQI9Ez0v9UwnVLWo7JN0XyYiI8qPfeZfG5stO_irf99QIEskJPSWVUTcnjgHvUOtRHWU2wciCL4b263ZgQtBkxjOuBIcN2JQ3nlGKKXEPM38/s640/home-quota_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Save & exit the file.</div>
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In this example i have add user and group quota options on /home</div>
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Step:2 Remount  /home file system via  mount command</h5>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;">[root@hackthesec ~]# mount -o remount /home</span></pre>
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Now recheck the /home file system whether Quota is enable or not.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# mount | grep /home
/dev/mapper/centos-home on /home type ext4 (</span><span style="color: lime;">rw,relatime,seclabel,quota,usrquota,grpquota,data=ordered</span><span style="color: white;">)</span></span></pre>
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Step:3 Create Quota Database Files using quotacheck</h5>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec home]# </span><span style="color: lime;">quotacheck </span><span style="color: white;">-cugv /home</span></span></pre>
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Whereas :</div>
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-c : create quota file and don’t use the existing file<br />-v : verbose ouput<br />-u : user disk quota<br />-g : group disk quota</div>
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Above Command will create aquota.user & aquota.group files under /home</div>
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Turn on quota on /home using below command :</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">quotaon </span><span style="color: white;">/home/</span></span></pre>
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Step:4 Assign user & group disk quota via edquota commands</h5>
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Syntax <span style="border: 0px; color: #333399; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># edquota -u <User_Name></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; color: #333399; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># edquota -g <Group_Name></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">edquota </span><span style="color: white;">-u jack</span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTYIRoxgLj0c-lzeqSt8C4U3tO_kVGm_XaTvE5As1RD_BNdjn29hdNV1UcWMc59ibJXJh_FWhyvB2dDzB_C2bhnLPSeRQHl_ot5Ms8mFd4nIognW4U345hSez-wIxL4vW-WshwZWtgYY2F/s1600/edquota_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="71" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTYIRoxgLj0c-lzeqSt8C4U3tO_kVGm_XaTvE5As1RD_BNdjn29hdNV1UcWMc59ibJXJh_FWhyvB2dDzB_C2bhnLPSeRQHl_ot5Ms8mFd4nIognW4U345hSez-wIxL4vW-WshwZWtgYY2F/s640/edquota_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# edquota -g </span><span style="color: lime;">sys_admin</span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiunFvua0GM8I-FCccUA_rPjKDOV-cPaLKWGkJQ93zmMLSt9njJV_coUpGAkzBRmb4-8Jvpa8_BVOBv9UBKs2XkQin2Ijwa0gIQgeUi0TvSou70jNBk-YnBud4A2jSXLj4m2pK0x-ChumtT/s1600/group-quota_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="66" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiunFvua0GM8I-FCccUA_rPjKDOV-cPaLKWGkJQ93zmMLSt9njJV_coUpGAkzBRmb4-8Jvpa8_BVOBv9UBKs2XkQin2Ijwa0gIQgeUi0TvSou70jNBk-YnBud4A2jSXLj4m2pK0x-ChumtT/s640/group-quota_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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As shown above we have two kind of <span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Disk quota limits</span> :</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">soft</span> : It will warn the users if the soft limit of disk quota reached ( size is in KB), in above example for jack user soft limit is 5500 KB ( approx 5.5MB )</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">hard</span> : It will not allow the users to create new files once the hard limit is reached. ( Size in KB ), in above example hard limit for jack user is 6000 KB ( approx 6 MB )</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Note</span> : We can also set the Quota on the basis of the inodes ( i.e numbers of files that the user can create on particular file system)</div>
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Let’s take an example , login as jack user and try to create a file of 8MB.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;">[root@hackthesec ~]# su - jack</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">[jack@hackthesec ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=bgfile bs=1M count=8</span><span style="color: white;">dm-2: warning, user block quota exceeded.
dm-2: write failed, user block limit reached.
</span><span style="color: lime;">dd: error writing ‘bgfile’: Disk quota exceeded
</span><span style="color: white;">6+0 records in
5+0 records out
</span><span style="color: lime;">6144000 bytes (6.1 MB) copied, 0.00711317 s, 864 MB/s</span></span></pre>
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As we see above soft & hard limit is exceeded for jack user. Now onwards user jack can’t create new files.</div>
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Step:5 Display Quota report for Users in human readable</h5>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">repquota </span><span style="color: white;">-as</span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga-hA4FF8pzN753xmvxYK8mu7430xgtZriYdTfeOAnI5r9KejUa3KWZsQbtFfTJJpAQZMIgCEu5uFFkfnoC6Fvh8QURBsf6dQFIAtsY6Shr3J5tFA0sC4oXXZYu-D1fzqBQbB5nmJnChCB/s1600/repquota_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga-hA4FF8pzN753xmvxYK8mu7430xgtZriYdTfeOAnI5r9KejUa3KWZsQbtFfTJJpAQZMIgCEu5uFFkfnoC6Fvh8QURBsf6dQFIAtsY6Shr3J5tFA0sC4oXXZYu-D1fzqBQbB5nmJnChCB/s640/repquota_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Step:6 Configure Grace Period for Soft Limit</h5>
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Grace period is the amount of time during which soft limit can can be exceeded, once the grace period reached then soft limit will become the hard limit.</div>
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Use the edquota command to set Grace period .</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">edquota </span><span style="color: white;">-t</span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX89YTMcGWBxDjPOH3QoUBomjuQCaWz2UQTdtmK_p3H3HCBtSc8K0wgxMO37o962c_RK_h5RV3RMglWh4jXyObfyL3uqnENiJAOs1TZwgiQTCH8Oo153_nZl3qN-a98Qv3Gif66AccXV-i/s1600/Soft-limit-grace-period_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="93" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX89YTMcGWBxDjPOH3QoUBomjuQCaWz2UQTdtmK_p3H3HCBtSc8K0wgxMO37o962c_RK_h5RV3RMglWh4jXyObfyL3uqnENiJAOs1TZwgiQTCH8Oo153_nZl3qN-a98Qv3Gif66AccXV-i/s640/Soft-limit-grace-period_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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How to enable User and Group Disk Quota on CentOS 7 and RHEL 7

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Automount NFS share in Linux using autofs On Centos/RHEL 7

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How to Configure NIC(Network Interface Card) bonding in CentOS 7 / RHEL 7

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<span style="color: #990000;"><u><i>Configure NIC(Network Interface Card) bonding in CentOS 7 / RHEL 7</i></u></span></h1>
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NIC(Network Interface Card) bonding is also known as Network bonding. It can be defined as the aggregation or combination of multiple NIC  into a single bond interface. It’s main purpose is to provide high availability and redundancy.</div>
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In this article we will learn how to configure nic or netwok bonding in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS </a>7 & <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Rhel7" target="_blank">RHEL 7</a>. In my case i have two interface cards (enp0s3 & enp0s8) and will form a bond interface (bond0).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlJ5P0qDfh0m0fvpo5xFpkQiS0W83L2gMP9c4SNwWQH0XOpkknpTXclyIaSeSZKson8JQzNfFvUq3tc21293NiEZ4OVaSyyzLtVVaKUfwCzdSOEdwvrd-pDVf7TWGIwwGeWQlilD4SOglT/s1600/nic_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlJ5P0qDfh0m0fvpo5xFpkQiS0W83L2gMP9c4SNwWQH0XOpkknpTXclyIaSeSZKson8JQzNfFvUq3tc21293NiEZ4OVaSyyzLtVVaKUfwCzdSOEdwvrd-pDVf7TWGIwwGeWQlilD4SOglT/s320/nic_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Prerequisite :</h2>
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If bonding module is not loaded on your linux box then use the below command to load.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">[root@openstack ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">modprobe </span><span style="color: white;">bonding</span></pre>
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To list the bonding module info, use following command.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); color: white; font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[root@openstack ~]# modinfo bonding</pre>
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Output will be something like below</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhudrJtHvDHDO2QHkd6LkeTZW47lVuz2-Ooqhh4oXd3q-UG63Y-pMCS9naylHm6uBVzBE_TjGsW3IFCE8DLo9c5kdjhjN7XnDX2pv57oEMDuEqNFPJw5gLirekMUJL1dhebgpuqyt-BD7Ft/s1600/modinfo-bonding_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhudrJtHvDHDO2QHkd6LkeTZW47lVuz2-Ooqhh4oXd3q-UG63Y-pMCS9naylHm6uBVzBE_TjGsW3IFCE8DLo9c5kdjhjN7XnDX2pv57oEMDuEqNFPJw5gLirekMUJL1dhebgpuqyt-BD7Ft/s640/modinfo-bonding_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<h5 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step:1 Create Bond Interface File</span></span></h5>
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Create a bond interface file (<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">ifcfg-bond0</span></span>) under the folder “<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</span></span>”</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">[root@openstack network-scripts]# vi </span><span style="color: lime;">ifcfg-bond0</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: lime;">DEVICE=bond0
</span><span style="color: white;">TYPE=Bond
NAME=bond0
BONDING_MASTER=yes
</span><span style="color: lime;">BOOTPROTO=none
</span><span style="color: white;">ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.70
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
BONDING_OPTS="mode=5 miimon=100"</span></pre>
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Save & exit the file.</div>
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Specify the IP address, Netmask & bonding modes as per your requirement. In my example i am using ‘<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">mode=5</span>′</span> which is used to provide fault tolerance and load balancing.</div>
<br /><h5 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">Step:2 Edit the NIC interface files</span></span></h5>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">For ifcfg-enp0s3</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">[root@openstack ~]# vi /etc/</span><span style="color: lime;">sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3</span><span style="color: white;">
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEVICE=enp0s3
ONBOOT=yes
</span><span style="color: lime;">HWADDR="08:00:27:69:60:c9"
</span><span style="color: white;">MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'PT Serif', serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">For ifcfg-enp0s8</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">[root@openstack ~]# cat /etc/</span><span style="color: lime;">sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s8</span><span style="color: white;">
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
</span><span style="color: lime;">DEVICE=enp0s8
</span><span style="color: white;">ONBOOT=yes
</span><span style="color: lime;">HWADDR="08:00:27:ea:71:8d"
</span><span style="color: white;">MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes</span></pre>
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<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step:3 Restart the Network Service</span></span></h5>
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Below command will restart the network service and will bring above changes into the effect.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">[root@openstack ~]# </span><span style="color: lime;">systemctl restart network.service</span></pre>
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<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step:4 Test & Verify bond interface.</span></span></h5>
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Use ‘<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">ifconfig</span></span>‘ & ‘<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;">ip add</span></span>‘ command to check bond interface along with its slave interfaces.</div>
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Use following command to view bond interface settings like bonding mode & slave interface.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">[root@openstack ~]# cat /proc/net/</span><span style="color: lime;">bonding/bond0</span></pre>
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<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step:5 Fault tolerance testing</span></span></h5>
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To test the fault tolerance we can down one interface and check whether you are still able access the server.</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(54, 54, 54); border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Monaco, 'Courier New', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 18px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: white;">[root@openstack ~]# ifdown </span><span style="color: lime;">enp0s8</span><span style="color: white;">
Device 'enp0s8' successfully disconnected.
[root@openstack ~]#</span></pre>
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