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Interactive Shell Script to Copy Files / Directory using SCP

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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><u>Interactive Shell Script to Copy Files / Directory using SCP</u></span></h1>
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This script will allow copy multiple files and directories. Script will only work assuming you have configured ssh key based authentication between two machines.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ2QAVsVYa3aUSJrMqy8js6qDvn05hXJDd3yUc-3zVcFenQAx1Be5R1NmWSVvFKsmjZ8VWZ-XwZUPWEmwgVACcmcCJNHK3ZhXPi3EnBr-wltfuCL815oqlDSVIhKcIDIkZa2oPSiqk-f_e/s1600/shellscripting_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ2QAVsVYa3aUSJrMqy8js6qDvn05hXJDd3yUc-3zVcFenQAx1Be5R1NmWSVvFKsmjZ8VWZ-XwZUPWEmwgVACcmcCJNHK3ZhXPi3EnBr-wltfuCL815oqlDSVIhKcIDIkZa2oPSiqk-f_e/s320/shellscripting_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Script will request to input destination hostname or ip address and path of destination folder. On the new line you need to provide filename or directory that need to be copied. You will be only allowed to copy one file or directory per line. When hitting enter , you will allowed to provide next file/directory. <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/shell_scripting" target="_blank">Script </a>will exit once it receives a blank field.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">#!/bin/bash
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints hearer of script
</span><span style="color: lime;">echo "Interactive Script to Copy File (files) / Directory using scp"
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Server
</span><span style="color: lime;">while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name desthost
</span><span style="color: lime;">read -p "Destination Server Name : " desthost
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line finishes while loop
</span><span style="color: lime;">done</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Path
</span><span style="color: lime;">while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name destpath
</span><span style="color: lime;">read -p "Destination Path : " destpath
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line finishes while loop
</span><span style="color: lime;">done</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line put null value to variable filename
</span><span style="color: lime;">filename='null'
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line check if entered value is null, and If not null it will reask user to enter file(s) to copy
</span><span style="color: lime;">while ! [ x"$filename" = "x" ]; do
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name filename
</span><span style="color: lime;">read -p "Path to source directory / file : " filename
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line checks if entered value is not null, and if not null it will copy file(s)
</span><span style="color: lime;">if ! [ x"$filename" = "x" ];
then</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line prints header
</span><span style="color: lime;">echo -n "Copying $filename ... "
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next like copy pre-entered file(s) or dir to destination path on destination server
</span><span style="color: lime;">scp -r "$filename" "$desthost":"$destpath"
</span><span style="color: orange;">#end of if
</span><span style="color: lime;">fi</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: orange;">#next line finishes while loop
</span><span style="color: lime;">done</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Running the scp script</u></span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@testos ~]# sh </span><span style="color: lime;">scpscript.sh</span><span style="color: white;">
Interactive Script to Copy File (files) / Directory using scp
Destination Server Name : 192.168.0.2
</span><span style="color: lime;">Destination Path : /tmp
</span><span style="color: white;">Path to source directory / file : /root/backup.txt
backup.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
</span><span style="color: yellow;">Path to source directory / file : /root/docsdir
</span><span style="color: lime;">file2.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
</span><span style="color: white;">file3.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
</span><span style="color: lime;">file1.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00
</span><span style="color: white;">Path to source directory / file :
[root@testos ~]#</span></span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a>
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></span></span></span></pre>
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Interactive Shell Script to Copy Files / Directory using SCP

Interactive Shell Script to Copy Files / Directory using SCP This script will allow copy multiple files and directories. Script will on...

Shell Script to Backup Files / Directories Using rsync

#We will save path to backup file in variable
backupf='/tmp/bckup.txt'

#Next line just prints message
echo "Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync"

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Server
while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do

#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name desthost
read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost

#next line finishes while loop
done

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Path
while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do

#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name destpath
read -p "Destination Folder : " destpath

#next line finishes while loop
done

#Next line will start reading backup file line by line
for line in `cat $backupf`

#and on each line will execute next
do

#print message that file/dir will be copied
echo "Copying $line ... "
#copy via rsync file/dir to destination

rsync -ar "$line" "$desthost":"$destpath"

#this line just print done
echo "DONE"

#end of reading backup file
done</span></span></pre>
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<strong style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Running the script with output</span></strong></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec tmp]# ./bckrsync.sh
Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync
Destination backup Server : 104.*.*.41
Destination Folder : /tmp
Copying /tmp/oracledb ...
The authenticity of host '104.*.*.41 (104.*.*.41)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 96:11:61:17:7f:fa:......
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '104.*.*.41' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@104.*.*.41's password:
DONE
Copying /tmp/dataconfig.txt ...
root@104.*.*.41's password:
DONE
Copying /tmp/docs ...
root@104.*.*.41's password:
DONE
[root@Fedora21 tmp]#</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Script 2 :</span></h2>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">#!/bin/bash

#We will save path to backup file in variable
backupf='/tmp/bckup.txt'

#Next line just prints message
echo "Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync"

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Server
while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do

#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name desthost
read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost

#next line finishes while loop
done

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Path
while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do

#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name destpath
read -p "Destination Folder : " destpath

#next line finishes while loop
done

#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter password
while [ x$password = "x" ]; do
#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name password. #To hide password we are using -s key
read -sp "Password : " password
#next line finishes while loop
done

#Next line will start reading backup file line by line
for line in `cat $backupf`

#and on each line will execute next
do

#print message that file/dir will be copied
echo "Copying $line ... "
#we will use expect tool to enter password inside script
/usr/bin/expect << EOD
#next line set timeout to -1, recommended to use
set timeout -1
#copy via rsync file/dir to destination, using part of expect — spawn command

spawn rsync -ar ${line} ${desthost}:${destpath}
#as result of previous command we expect “password” promtp
expect "*?assword:*"
#next command enters password from script
send "${password}\r"
#next command tells that we expect end of file (everything finished on remote server)
expect eof
#end of expect pard
EOD
#this line just print done
echo "DONE"

#end of reading backup file
done</span></span></pre>
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<span style="line-height: 23.4px;"><b><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Script 3: </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 23.4px;"><b><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Normal Method Through terminal</span></b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 32px;">Task: Backup /home/hackthesec to /mnt/usbdri</span></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">$ rsync -au /home/hackthesec /mnt/usbdri</span></span></pre>
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To delete files in backup directory that no longer exist in directory being backed up, enter:</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">$ rsync -au --delete /home/hackthesec /mnt/usbdri</span></span></pre>
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<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br />
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></div>
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Shell Script to Backup Files / Directories Using rsync

Backup Files / Directories Using rsync rsync command easily backup your home directory to local secondary hard disk or remote server usi...

How to Hide Application Port Using knockd in Linux

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<h1 class="post-title single" style="background-color: white; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em;">Hide </span><span style="letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 38.4px;">Application</span><span style="letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em;"> Port Using knockd in Linux</span></span></u></span></h1>
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As a system administrator, we should do everything to secure our server from attackers. As the internet grows, threats to our server is also growing. One of the popular entrances to attack our server is through the port on your server that open. If your SSH server is running on </div>
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<br /></div>
your machine, then usually the SSH port is listening. Which means it is open, waiting for the connection.<br />
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Leaving the port open for 24 hours, is not recommended because it is vulnerable. Because we can scan the machine to see the open port. <strong>Nmap</strong> is one of the most popular port scanner that can be used by anyone to scan your machine.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDf3M4nS_qiN_gLL-2-uLTQvMz86c_K8ceCCxtdRLLJw_6Yqznfc6cT1_3jxdmZ0Ab6lOrgHFaQvtI1iE3C50YrkrFnHHGS8Z-8cwgZG6KtRZLa76vYLeBJdpsiy8wYZyeFtlZxzHeOeh5/s1600/nmap_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDf3M4nS_qiN_gLL-2-uLTQvMz86c_K8ceCCxtdRLLJw_6Yqznfc6cT1_3jxdmZ0Ab6lOrgHFaQvtI1iE3C50YrkrFnHHGS8Z-8cwgZG6KtRZLa76vYLeBJdpsiy8wYZyeFtlZxzHeOeh5/s1600/nmap_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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How if we can open the on demand and close the port when it’s not used? Sounds interesting. Now we can do it using knockd application.</div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>What is knockd</u></span></h1>
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Knockd is a port-knock server. It listens to all traffice on an ethernet (or PPP) interface, looking for special “knock” sequences of port-hits. (Source : <a href="http://www.zeroflux.org/projects/knock" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" title="knockd">http://www.zeroflux.org/projects/knock</a>)</div>
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<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">How it works</span></u></h1>
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Every application needs a port as a “door” for “listening” requests from other clients. This port usually on open state or close state. There are a lot of ports that available on the server. But there are some ports that agreed by consensus, such as <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH" target="_blank">SSH </a>(22), Web (80) and <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/ftp" target="_blank">FTP </a>(21).</div>
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A basic rule of server security is to open only used ports and close the rest. You may have some ports that are sometimes used and sometimes not. Leaving those ports open while is not being used is not recommended.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
When you install knockd, you can let the client “knock” the server with pattern. The knocking sequence can be custom by you. So this knocking pattern will be unique to each other. If the pattern is match, then the port you need will be opened for a period of time and the request can enter your server.</div>
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Once you have done with the application, you can close the port manually or automatically.</div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>How to install knockd</u></span></h1>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
On this article, we are using Zorin 9 OS which based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. If you are using another distribution please adjust it to the installation method of your distribution.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Knockd is available on Ubuntu repository. Then we can use <b>apt-get to install knockd</b>.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">apt-get</span><span style="color: white;"> install </span><span style="color: lime;">knockd</span></span></span></pre>
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Just wait for a few minutes, then your knockd is already setup.</div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Configure knockd</u></span></h1>
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Knock configuration file is located in <strong>/etc/knockd.conf</strong><br />
The sample configuration is simple and easy to understand.</div>
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We can see that the configuration is divided into three sections. The <strong>[options]</strong> section, <strong>[openSSH]</strong> section to open SSH port and <strong>[closeSSH]</strong> section to close SSH port.</div>
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By default <strong>[options]</strong> section contain only 1 row. It tell us that the knockd log will be recorded using the operating system log application. On Ubuntu, we will see the log in <strong>/var/log/syslog</strong>; folder.</div>
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Of course we can choose not to use SysLog. We can change it into this line, if we want to use custom log.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">logfile = /var/log/</span><span style="color: lime;">knockd.log</span></span></span></pre>
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The above line, will put knock log file in <strong>/var/log/knockd.log</strong></div>
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[openSSH] sections has identical commands with [closeSSH] section.</div>
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<strong>sequence = 1200,1300,1400</strong><br />
This is the knock pattern. It will trigger the command below in the section. The value of this parameter is fully customized. We can choose another random number.</div>
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<strong>seq_timeout = 10</strong><br />
This will tell knockd about how long the knock pattern must be completed in.</div>
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<strong>command = /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT</strong><br />
This parameter will open SSH port on port 22</div>
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<strong>tcpflags = syn</strong><br />
This parameter indicates that the Client will sends a TCP SYNchronize packet to the server</div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Setting up the firewall</u></span></h1>
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As we know before, knockd will open particular port temporarily. So we have to make sure firewall is running on the server. Basically, we will close all ports. We are using iptables syntax to do it. Here are the steps.</div>
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<br />
The 1st command, will allow the current on-going session through firewall.<br />
The 2nd command, will allow the server is able to ping by another machine.<br />
The 3rd command, will reject every requests.</div>
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To test the knockd service, we expect that our will firewall will drop all ssh connection. Then knockd will open it temporarily on demand.</div>
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</h1>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Test the knockd on server side</u></span></h1>
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Once the firewall and knockd are setup, next we can test them.<br />
To test the firewall, try remote the server via SSH from another machine. (<em>on this article, client IP is 10.1.6.14 and server IP 10.0.76.224</em>)</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">$ ssh -l </span><span style="color: lime;">pungki </span><span style="color: white;">10.0.76.224</span></span></span></pre>
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With :<br />
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<strong>-l</strong> = login name</div>
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<strong>pungki</strong> = the user name on the destination server</div>
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If the firewall works, then we will get <strong>“Connection refused”</strong> error message.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfRafJqFuFGUE3uaD6U5pfEqKmV8CwgJAc_b6-XdxHSaAoThuavWut-Q8G8Tm590Evw3g9mQkxHS9Zer5iE6Mme7HRMnyKw9fLpuObT6APc5xAgHKO44mQERwZwVKov6nZ-9RU0t_BL04u/s1600/connection_refused_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfRafJqFuFGUE3uaD6U5pfEqKmV8CwgJAc_b6-XdxHSaAoThuavWut-Q8G8Tm590Evw3g9mQkxHS9Zer5iE6Mme7HRMnyKw9fLpuObT6APc5xAgHKO44mQERwZwVKov6nZ-9RU0t_BL04u/s1600/connection_refused_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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The reason we get the error message is the 10.1.6.14 is not allowed to enter the server. If we use this command, we will see no result.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">sudo /sbin/iptables -L</span><span style="color: white;"> -n |grep 10.1.6.14</span></span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlW_3AQMtYbLz_q36ogYB6i0YJjh4ge86K41UwVbalkoKmgBrhnHVhob46hi21H8dr7xaHH_b1G4gc3LK4fwoWEYVtbPg6LhccN3CDsm2CxXbxQJT3HCRSYXNN36U9COiy7LuHd9-2wmmC/s1600/iptables_before_knock_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlW_3AQMtYbLz_q36ogYB6i0YJjh4ge86K41UwVbalkoKmgBrhnHVhob46hi21H8dr7xaHH_b1G4gc3LK4fwoWEYVtbPg6LhccN3CDsm2CxXbxQJT3HCRSYXNN36U9COiy7LuHd9-2wmmC/s1600/iptables_before_knock_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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Later, we will see the difference after knockd implemented.</div>
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Next step, is to test the knockd service.</div>
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To run knockd, we need to change knockd default file which located in /etc/default/knockd. Change the value of <strong>START_KNOCKD parameter from 0 to 1</strong>.</div>
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Save the file. Then type :</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">service knockd</span><span style="color: white;"> start</span></span></span></pre>
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*<em>note : I tried to run the service using /etc/init.d/knockd start , but it always fail to start</em></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Test knockd from Client side</u></span></h1>
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On the client side, we need knock client to “knock” the server. On the client side, we use Centos 5.2. Then we install knock-client from <a href="http://pkgs.repoforge.org/knock/knock-0.5.3.el5.rf.i386.rpm" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" title="knock client">http://pkgs.repoforge.org/knock/knock-0.5.3.el5.rf.i386.rpm</a></div>
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Then run the command below to knock the server :</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;">$ knock -v 10.0.76.224 1200 1300 1400</span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT-KXni4C1INDyp91QdgH7yvG91kZqKOEcYMcWhZdz5fsUlTNUldddqAee8sHvviRBFJBgYewr2odXHyNyXjcTQ_5-bCUELvpd05hsNe0CItVvTYgegGHi5rhxYso1PmqIB7Mnxcn_nBYI/s1600/knock_open_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT-KXni4C1INDyp91QdgH7yvG91kZqKOEcYMcWhZdz5fsUlTNUldddqAee8sHvviRBFJBgYewr2odXHyNyXjcTQ_5-bCUELvpd05hsNe0CItVvTYgegGHi5rhxYso1PmqIB7Mnxcn_nBYI/s1600/knock_open_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<strong>-v</strong> = verbose<br />
<strong>10.0.76.224</strong> = Server IP<br />
<strong>1200 1300 1400</strong> = knock sequence which defined in the knockd configuration</div>
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After knock the server, now we will see that the client IP is now allowed to enter the server.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo /sbin/</span><span style="color: lime;">iptables </span><span style="color: white;">-L -n |grep 10.1.6.14</span></span></span></pre>
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Then we can run SSH to remote the server.</div>
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As we can see on the above image, the host name of are different. After SSH to the remote machine established then the host name is changed from @web01 into @dev-machine.</div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Close the port</u></span></h1>
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After the client done to remote the server, the client need to close the port. To do that, we can use the command below :</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">$ </span><span style="color: lime;">knock </span><span style="color: white;">-v 10.0.76.224 1400 1300 1200</span></span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjseKC2KePBKaJufOpIsrsJfwjiU8L08ZMVOMFPEEGBsIcRr-pUpfbtcDurAkGDY-0XYN_hGxf1JUPlAnPg7hF4wVCI7dG1q3-nnq6sWwkUN_a8IKq3OG3nibdSX93H5a_QdfGOrQILERhP/s1600/knock_close_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjseKC2KePBKaJufOpIsrsJfwjiU8L08ZMVOMFPEEGBsIcRr-pUpfbtcDurAkGDY-0XYN_hGxf1JUPlAnPg7hF4wVCI7dG1q3-nnq6sWwkUN_a8IKq3OG3nibdSX93H5a_QdfGOrQILERhP/s1600/knock_close_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<em><strong>Please be careful</strong>, to close the port, we put the knock sequence in the opposite order.</em></div>
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After knock the server, we will see a prompt again. To check if the knock was success, we use iptables command again. If it was success, we will see that IP 10.1.6.14 will disappeared.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg10Hwu4L6yAHomwQ2jSZ3ZCHYjJfWKC431IPW1b-qU2qyrUw3WGasrdHXFk5gvu0rfzXlobAOaA63L9_blX2lc6Dv3dztXyMRuquceOPguOa_G2UD32-rEM-a-Ltt8hKUU8oQZ7BXBB8l-/s1600/iptables_after_knock_closed_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg10Hwu4L6yAHomwQ2jSZ3ZCHYjJfWKC431IPW1b-qU2qyrUw3WGasrdHXFk5gvu0rfzXlobAOaA63L9_blX2lc6Dv3dztXyMRuquceOPguOa_G2UD32-rEM-a-Ltt8hKUU8oQZ7BXBB8l-/s1600/iptables_after_knock_closed_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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On the previous one, after knock to open the port, we saw that the client IP Address - 10.1.6.14 - is allowed to enter the server by firewall. Now, after we knock to close the port, if we check with the same iptables command, the rule was deleted.</div>
<h1 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Close the port Automatically</u></span></h1>
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Since the close port activity is triggered by client, we will have the possibility that the client forget to close the port. We don’t want it to happen. So we can configure knockd to close the port automatically.</div>
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In order to do that, <strong>we need to customize</strong> the knockd configuration file. Here is the sample of modified knockd configuration file.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmfGYEcrmFo1Wvrx5TEsjimq2xDLWx1inxWnY9CSCKNABB2u4tERKJ9cr1p6BbpLVrOrekaIxhr8p4WCnsiwHp-RT1JSy4T_PJMRyBL-yiAM6HQ8MlQNkX5DpP2qFBLO9MNuQjyDG1-pTq/s1600/auto_close_conf_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmfGYEcrmFo1Wvrx5TEsjimq2xDLWx1inxWnY9CSCKNABB2u4tERKJ9cr1p6BbpLVrOrekaIxhr8p4WCnsiwHp-RT1JSy4T_PJMRyBL-yiAM6HQ8MlQNkX5DpP2qFBLO9MNuQjyDG1-pTq/s1600/auto_close_conf_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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The command still looks identical. The difference with the previous configuration is we put [openSSH] section and [closeSSH] section in the same block.</div>
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Then we add <strong>cmd_timeout = 10</strong> line to tell the server <strong>to execute the stop_command 10 seconds after start_command is executed</strong>. The port will be automatically closed, but the established connection remain connected.</div>
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<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br />
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></div>
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</div>
</div>

How to Hide Application Port Using knockd in Linux

Hide Application Port Using knockd in Linux As a system administrator, we should do everything to secure our server from attackers. A...

How to Setup DKIM (DomainKeys) with Postfix on Ubuntu and Debian

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<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: red;"><u><i>Setup DKIM (DomainKeys) with Postfix on Ubuntu & Debian</i></u></span></h2>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>DomainKeys Identified Mail </b>(<b>DKIM</b>) is an email authentication method designed to detect email spoofing by providing a mechanism to allow receiving mail exchangers to check that incoming mail from a domain is authorized by that domain's administrators.In technical terms, DKIM is a </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwKpIQ7e4ZfTIYX-ozR6kYqk2ktJG9tC1Sy0ExOC0SVnE_QHF06sQMyG99K5qBE0zelXXTgSaxcWTwcT3y5R9qK6iDeW7YqcStisuexkfPN8xVXrSSIimoE6wxaQN8nwx3GgmlY4rMRa1f/s1600/DKIM_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwKpIQ7e4ZfTIYX-ozR6kYqk2ktJG9tC1Sy0ExOC0SVnE_QHF06sQMyG99K5qBE0zelXXTgSaxcWTwcT3y5R9qK6iDeW7YqcStisuexkfPN8xVXrSSIimoE6wxaQN8nwx3GgmlY4rMRa1f/s400/DKIM_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">technique to authorize a domain to associate its name to an email message through cryptographic authentication.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 1: Install opendkim Package</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First we need to install <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">opendkim </span>and <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">opendkim-tools</span> packages using following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">$ sudo apt-get install opendkim opendkim-tools
</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2: Generate Key Pair</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now create DKIM key pair using <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">opendkim-genkey</span> command line utility. For this tutorial we are using domain name “hackthesec.co.in”, Change this name with your actual domain name.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">$ MYDOMAIN=hackthesec.co.in
$ mkdir -p /etc/mail/dkim-keys/$MYDOMAIN
$ cd /etc/mail/dkim-keys/$MYDOMAIN
$ opendkim-genkey -t -s mail -d $MYDOMAIN</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPTFZaq35Oimo_cHciUg7ZF3kszjskssH0TnQ2AZzmi9gnQmqWwhPqxMd8m_A3lV6sz5LAjuxKwxKZUL1Doej930ZnwmngXYrlWmgFLTXR1r8tySIZlhHdRxtE_cgmh2N3s7uQI7wvIrSL/s1600/Generate_Key+_Pair_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPTFZaq35Oimo_cHciUg7ZF3kszjskssH0TnQ2AZzmi9gnQmqWwhPqxMd8m_A3lV6sz5LAjuxKwxKZUL1Doej930ZnwmngXYrlWmgFLTXR1r8tySIZlhHdRxtE_cgmh2N3s7uQI7wvIrSL/s640/Generate_Key+_Pair_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Above command will generate two files <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">default.private</span> and <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">default.txt</span>. You can created multiple DKIM keys for different-2 domains and configure with your postfix server.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Configure DKIM and POSTFIX</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First edit the domain keys lists setting file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/mail/dkim.key</span> and add following entry.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">*@hackthesec.co.in:<span style="line-height: 1.3em;">hackthesec.co.in</span></span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;">:/etc/mail/dkim-keys/hackthesec.co.in/default.private</span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Edit DKIM configuration file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/opendkim.conf</span> and update below values in configuration file.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">Domain             <span style="line-height: 1.3em;">hackthesec.co.in</span>
KeyFile            /etc/mail/dkim.key
Selector           mail
Socket    inet:8892@localhost</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now edit POSTFIX configuration file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/postfix/main.cf</span> and add following values at the end of file</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">milter_default_action = accept
milter_protocol = 2
smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8892
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8892</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 4: Configure DNS Entry</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After configuring private key in postfix server. there will be another file<span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">default.txt</span> generated by opendkim-genkey. Edit your DNS zone file and add this as TXT record found in default.txt.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">mail._domainkey.hackthesec.coin IN TXT "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=IOIIGfBGGCSqGSIb3DEFGAQUAA4GNHDCBiQKBgRG6RY5DLhAbbrqcwgyBaC
x50scjedj357we9SJdff6VHOKDYgU/kvuV2rQiedHjtJDPuFJIwoNqh8pbIWxcZ8J2FhVhXU1QWdBmOQ/w61jfsyVAMrX/SrcJAd/1
XHYcS4o3uIOV7jICVOJLiYW5wjYLvWpPoraQzQE1Npjlsx2T5QIDAQAB" ; ----- DKIM key default for hackthesec.co.in</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 5: Restart Service</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After making all above configuration’s restart dkim and postfix services</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">$ sudo service opendkim restart
$ sudo service postfix restart</span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 6: Verify DKIM</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And you have all done. Let’s verify that DKIM is working properly. Let’s send a test email through command line</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">$ mail -vs "Test DKIM" hackthesec@gmail.com < /dev/null
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In received email in our mailbox, open the source of email and search for "DKIM-Signature". You will find some thing like below</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=hackthesec.co.in;
 s=default.private; t=1431284463;
 bh=fdkeB/b0Fghse2k4J4pNas23AsqBm9+c0CsOYesw8=;
 h=Date:From:Message-Id:To:Subject;
 b=M6g0easdqURha9d7sdWldOddXsXxrMtN2qrSQ6/1AZtDxDkDDfoBTHDzoESlD
  i6uLLwV+3/JTs7mFmrkvlA5ZR693sM5gkVgVJmuOsylXSwd3XNfEcGSqFRRIrLhHtbC
  mAXMNxJtih9OuVNi96TrFNyUJeHMRvvbo34BzqWY=

<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a>
<a href="http://www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity">www.twitter.com/hackthesecurity</a></span></pre>
</div>
</div>

How to Setup DKIM (DomainKeys) with Postfix on Ubuntu and Debian

Setup DKIM (DomainKeys) with Postfix on Ubuntu & Debian DomainKeys Identified Mail ( DKIM ) is an email authentication method design...

How to Setup Lighttpd Web server on CentOS/RHEL 7 and Ubuntu 15.04

</span><span style="color: lime;"># yum install lighttpd</span></span></span></pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLP1TDNZ4UPZ2-8SBb72TSgGlwn-lcyMdkNcuE9XtZcBvs1vpIQgDMGPhJsvZK30KAHbYFTAlsi4t-EUGTwXcAH94cYl265QaVFDzRlmU2eiCBbBC2rbQiTYKIg8QNOPtwixIlfAjLt0RA/s1600/Lighttpd_installation_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLP1TDNZ4UPZ2-8SBb72TSgGlwn-lcyMdkNcuE9XtZcBvs1vpIQgDMGPhJsvZK30KAHbYFTAlsi4t-EUGTwXcAH94cYl265QaVFDzRlmU2eiCBbBC2rbQiTYKIg8QNOPtwixIlfAjLt0RA/s640/Lighttpd_installation_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<strong><u>Ubuntu 15.04</u></strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Lighttpd is available on the official repository of Ubuntu 15.04 so, we'll simply update our local repository index and then go for the installation of lighttpd using ubuntu command line.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># apt-get update

</span><span style="color: lime;"># apt-get install lighttpd</span></span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAjNBBcwqoKO_ef8cBtd-OhBhZ8sdhM08yiF1xiDLhGeyA9KYqIbC62t-RTV1ZYUALuCcPk9VPP2eeIcmVVLE2ewObNS6HZIe8RkrOrNfaUK-__f6gPcirg5nimdZQxgzKsQCVYamPcWUb/s1600/install-lighttpd-ubuntu_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAjNBBcwqoKO_ef8cBtd-OhBhZ8sdhM08yiF1xiDLhGeyA9KYqIbC62t-RTV1ZYUALuCcPk9VPP2eeIcmVVLE2ewObNS6HZIe8RkrOrNfaUK-__f6gPcirg5nimdZQxgzKsQCVYamPcWUb/s1600/install-lighttpd-ubuntu_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Installing from Source</u></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
If we wanna install lighttpd from the latest version of source code ie 1.4.39, we'll need to compile the source code and install it into our system. First of all, we'll need to install the dependencies required to compile it.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"># cd /tmp/
# wget http://download.lighttpd.net/lighttpd/releases-1.4.x/lighttpd-1.4.39.tar.gz
</span></span></span></pre>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
After its downloaded, we'll need to extract it the tarball by running the following.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">tar -zxvf</span><span style="color: white;"> lighttpd-1.4.39.tar.gz
</span></span></span></pre>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll compile it by running the following commands.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"># cd lighttpd-1.4.39
# ./configure
# make</span>
</span></span></pre>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<strong>Note: </strong>we are installing lighttpd with its standard configuration. If you wanna configure beyond the standard configuration and want to install more features like support for SSL, mod_rewrite, mod_redirect then you can configure.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Once, compiled completed, we'll install it in our system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># make install
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Configuring Lighttpd</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
If we need to configure our lighttpd web server further as our requirements, we can make changes to the default configuration file ie /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf  we'll need to run the following command for checking the conf file</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># lighttpd -t -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
</span><span style="color: white;">

[root@hackthesec lighttpd]# lighttpd -t -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
Syntax OK
[root@hackthesec lighttpd]#</span></span><span style="color: white;">

</span></span></pre>
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<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">On CentOS 7</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
we are running CentOS 7, we'll need to create a new directory for our webroot defined in our lighttpd's default configuration ie /src/www/htdocs/ .</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># mkdir -p /srv/www/htdocs/
</span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Then, we'll copy the default welcome page from /var/www/lighttpd/ directory to the above created directory.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># cp -r /var/www/</span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd</span><span style="color: white;">/* /srv/www/htdocs/
</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Starting and Enabling Services</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Now, we'll gonna start our  lighttpd server by executing the following systemctl command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># systemctl start </span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></span></pre>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Now enable it to start automatically in every system boot.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># systemctl </span><span style="color: lime;">enable lighttpd</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Allowing Firewall</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
 To allow port 80 or http service, we'll need to run the following commands.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
</span><span style="color: white;">
success

# firewall-cmd --reload

</span><span style="color: lime;">success</span></span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></pre>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
In my case i don't have any firewall on my centos server..Here is the screenshot bellow</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMIIlM-xw4eorcGHr6aL1x0dMOi5T1RdIcoid_59TueO2r4kVjNUyciJ1dsnuKBkSLn2P6oNEyPKxfACQ5GLLMV5Zn07p1ifk5BevQOFYhtX9k27Dn4YoVKQh1K7DZ3l2ficrJf3ynyIhA/s1600/lighttpd_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMIIlM-xw4eorcGHr6aL1x0dMOi5T1RdIcoid_59TueO2r4kVjNUyciJ1dsnuKBkSLn2P6oNEyPKxfACQ5GLLMV5Zn07p1ifk5BevQOFYhtX9k27Dn4YoVKQh1K7DZ3l2ficrJf3ynyIhA/s640/lighttpd_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Accessing Web Server</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
As we have allowed port 80 which is the default port of lighttpd, we should be able to access lighttpd's welcome page.Access the server through domain name or ip adress<br />
example - http://lighttpd.hackthesec.co.in</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZdbyEuKpZUfoZg3mm0IxStdF5mTTkQ-bbkyyALe-ut682-cIAUsfgrGzI0a_hYlMXRqUYDnBROJxlneeNdwG5B3RDiO0bXWhVC-_mkxLb8uo23U36NXkIYFZJj7yJhjsL5agp263n5oQ/s1600/lighttpd-welcome-page_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZdbyEuKpZUfoZg3mm0IxStdF5mTTkQ-bbkyyALe-ut682-cIAUsfgrGzI0a_hYlMXRqUYDnBROJxlneeNdwG5B3RDiO0bXWhVC-_mkxLb8uo23U36NXkIYFZJj7yJhjsL5agp263n5oQ/s640/lighttpd-welcome-page_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Installing PHP5 Modules</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Once our lighttpd is installed successfully, we'll need to install PHP and some PHP modules to run PHP5 scripts in our lighttpd web server.</div>
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<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">On Ubuntu 15.04</span></u></h3>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># apt-get install php5 php5-cgi php5-fpm php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php5-imagick php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php-pear</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>On CentOS 7</u></span></h3>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># yum install php php-cgi php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-gd php-intl php-pecl-imagick php-mcrypt php-memcache php-pear lighttpd-fastcgi</span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEOCDpQ7FIKKitclo-YfqIKWI5xf9IVsz4gSY4iUrSV8DNxBl4YntihxIhxHEykuhFKlIToqz1wGa_P9XSFf-1qKhS4o8l9qGsU4zUduiY7xn5zw7sqozmziPVoE0eJy21XbsSZt-roPra/s1600/lighttpd_php_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEOCDpQ7FIKKitclo-YfqIKWI5xf9IVsz4gSY4iUrSV8DNxBl4YntihxIhxHEykuhFKlIToqz1wGa_P9XSFf-1qKhS4o8l9qGsU4zUduiY7xn5zw7sqozmziPVoE0eJy21XbsSZt-roPra/s640/lighttpd_php_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Configuring Lighttpd with PHP</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
To make PHP work with lighttpd web server, we'll need to follow the following methods respect to the distribution we are running.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>On CentOS 7</u></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
First of all, we'll need to edit our php configuration ie /etc/php.ini and uncomment a line <strong>cgi.fix_pathinfo=1</strong> using a text editor.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /etc/</span><span style="color: lime;">php.ini</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
After its done, we'll need to change the ownership of PHP-FPM process from apache to lightpd. To do so, we'll need to open the configuration file /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf using a text editor.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /etc/php-fpm.d/</span><span style="color: lime;">www.conf</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll append the file with the following configurations.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">user = </span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: lime;">group </span><span style="color: white;">= lighttpd</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Once done, we'll need to save the file and exit the text editor. Then, we'll need to include fastcgi module from /etc/lighttpd/modules.conf configuration file.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /etc/lighttpd/</span><span style="color: lime;">modules.conf</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll need to uncomment the following line by removing # from it.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">include </span><span style="color: white;">"conf.d/fastcgi.conf"</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
At last, we'll need to configure our fastcgi configuration file using our favorite text editor.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /etc/</span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd/conf.d</span><span style="color: white;">/fastcgi.conf</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll need to add the following lines at the end of the file.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">fastcgi.server</span><span style="color: white;"> += ( ".php" =>
((
"host" => "127.0.0.1",
"port" => "9000",
</span><span style="color: lime;">"broken-scriptfilename" => "enable"
</span><span style="color: white;">))
)</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
After its done, we'll save the file and exit the text editor.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>On Ubuntu 15.04</u></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
To enable fastcgi with lighttpd web server, we'll simply need to execute the following commands.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># lighttpd-enable-mod </span><span style="color: lime;">fastcgi</span><span style="color: white;">

Enabling fastcgi: ok
Run /etc/init.d/lighttpd force-reload to enable changes

# lighttpd-enable-mod fastcgi-php

</span><span style="color: lime;">Enabling fastcgi-php: ok
</span><span style="color: white;">Run /etc/init.d/lighttpd force-reload to enable changes</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll reload our lighttpd by running the following command.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># systemctl force-reload </span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Testing if PHP is working</span></u></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
In order to see if PHP is working as expected or not, we'll need to create a new php file under the webroot of our lighttpd web server. Here, in this tutorial we have /var/www/html in Ubuntu and /srv/www/htdocs in CentOS as the default webroot so, we'll create a info.php file under it using a text editor.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">On CentOS 7</span></strong></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># nano  /var/www/info.php</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">On Ubuntu 15.04</span></strong></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /srv/www/htdocs/</span><span style="color: lime;">info</span><span style="color: white;">.php</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll simply add the following line into the file.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"><?php </span><span style="color: lime;">phpinfo</span><span style="color: white;">(); ?></span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Once done, we'll simply save the file and exit from the text editor.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Now, we'll open our running lighttpd using its ip address or domain name with the <b>info.php</b> file path as http://lighttpd.hackthesec.co.in/info.php. after that you can see the <b>phpinfo </b>page</div>
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How to Setup Lighttpd Web server on CentOS/RHEL 7 and Ubuntu 15.04

Lighttpd Web server on CentOS /RHEL 7 / Ubuntu 15 lighttpd (pronounced "lighty") is an open-source web server optimized for sp...