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How To Install and Host Ghost with Nginx on Ubuntu

location / {
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;

proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:2368;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }
}
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Next, we need to create a symbolic link to activate the configuration.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/ghost /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ghost
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">If we restart nginx and start ghost again, we should get Ghost welcome page in our browser. If that is the case, we are done with the installation. The last thing we need to do is to make us able to start/stop the Ghost service like any other server on Ubuntu, using service start and service stop commands. In order to do that we need to create new file in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/init</span></code> directory.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># cd /etc/init
# edit ghost.conf
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">and paste the following content in it:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: menlo, monaco, consolas, 'courier new', monospace; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># ghost

# description "An Upstart task to make sure that my Ghost server is always running"
# author "Your Name Here"

start on startup

script
    cd /root/ghost
    npm start
end script</code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: menlo, monaco, consolas, courier new, monospace;">
</span></code></pre>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: menlo, monaco, consolas, courier new, monospace;">service ghost stop 
service ghost start 
service ghost restart </span></code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">That concludes the configuration. Now we have fully functional ghost server that will start automatically when system boots up. We can enjoy our blogging on a beautifully designed platform dedicated to that.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>

How To Install and Host Ghost with Nginx on Ubuntu

Install & Host Ghost with Nginx on Ubuntu Ghost is an Open Source application which allows us to write and publish our own blog, giving you the tools to make it easy and even fun to do. It’s simple, …

28 Feb 2016

How To Install and Use EasyEngine (ee) on Ubuntu

If we are upgrading from version 1.1 and above we should use the command

# ee update</span></code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">This concludes the easy part, installation and configuration. According to EasyEngine created, the hardest part is the create WordPress page with high traffic and heavy enough to crash it. So, you can give it a try on your VPS.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
</div>

How To Install and Use EasyEngine (ee) on Ubuntu

Install and Use EasyEngine (ee) on Ubuntu EasyEngine (ee) is a linux shell-script collection, which makes managing your WordPress and Nginx sites on an Ubuntu server easy and fun. EasyEngine makes it…

28 Feb 2016

How to host multiple Ghost instances on a single server

script
    cd /var/www/my-first-blog.com/ghost
    npm start --production
end script
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Similar, for the second file, we will have the file <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/init/ghost-my-second-blog.conf</span></code> with the following content:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">start on startup

script
    cd /var/www/my-second-blog.com/ghost
    npm start --production
end script
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After this is saved, we can start the blogs with</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># service ghost-my-first-blog start
# service ghost-my-second-blog start
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As long as we are using different port number, we can repeat this procedure as many times as we need and have multiple blog instances hosted on our server.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>

How to host multiple Ghost instances on a single server

Multiple Ghost instances on a single server Ghost is great and simple to use blogging platform, with clean and easy to use interface, having just the options that every user need in order to create a…

28 Feb 2016

How to deploy a MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 39px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 21px 0px 0px;">
<u><span style="color: red;">MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04</span></u></h1>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">We need at least 3 hosts running together with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a> 14.04 Operating system to form a reliable cluster. The following is the hosts list that we had setup for this article, where we will deploy the <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/MariaDB" target="_blank">MariaDB </a>Galera cluster:</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZp3NsfUvKk5bxQEX92Ju6r9hezo2W9ihFiK4gS49APcOp8Fi7RzAh1VX8oOTBM4j5ObnzySAJ8F1JEwSQykSmZlnMT6pGKuSqUhi5_i6BsJjr-YiSEwssTIMeL6XW1mLUdPaWpYTPOML-/s1600/galera-overview-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZp3NsfUvKk5bxQEX92Ju6r9hezo2W9ihFiK4gS49APcOp8Fi7RzAh1VX8oOTBM4j5ObnzySAJ8F1JEwSQykSmZlnMT6pGKuSqUhi5_i6BsJjr-YiSEwssTIMeL6XW1mLUdPaWpYTPOML-/s1600/galera-overview-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">ubuntu-node1 172.25.10.21
ubuntu-node2 172.25.10.22
ubuntu-node3 172.25.10.23</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now we will install the its required packages <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">rsync</code>, <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">galera</code> and <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">mariadb-galera-server</code> that need to be installed on all the three nodes.</span></div>
<h3 id="adding-repositories-and-packages" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding Repositories and Packages</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now we will start by adding the repository for Ubuntu so, first add the key files for the MariaDB repository to build the trust between the maintainers of repositories and that we can install the required packages.</span></div>
<h4 id="installing-the-gpg-key" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Installing the GPG key</span></h4>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Run the following command of all the three hosts to install its GPG key as follow.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-get install python-software-properties
root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-get install python-software-properties
root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-get install python-software-properties</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
<h4 id="adding-apt-repository" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding APT Repository</span></h4>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Now to add its APT repository have to execute the below commands.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db
root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db
root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
<h4 id="adding-ubuntu-repository" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding Ubuntu Repository</span></h4>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now can add the Ubuntu repository as per required whether to use its repository as we have the trusted key in the database, let’s add the actual repository using following command on all the nodes.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/5.6/ubuntu trusty main'
root@ubuntu-node2:~# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/5.6/ubuntu trusty main'
root@ubuntu-node3:~# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/5.6/ubuntu trusty main'
</code></pre>
<h3 id="update-os-with-latest-repo" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Update OS with Latest Repo</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To get the latest repositories run the update command on the three nodes we are working on.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-get update
root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-get update
root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-get update
</code></pre>
<h2 id="installing-mariadb-cluster-galera-and-rsync" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Installing MariaDB Cluster, Galera and Rsync</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Let’s install the MariaDB and its related packages on each of the node with following command as:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-get install -y galera  mariadb-galera-server-5.5 mariadb-client-5.5 libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-core-5.5 rsync netcat-openbsd
root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-get install -y galera  mariadb-galera-server-5.5 mariadb-client-5.5 libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-core-5.5 rsync netcat-openbsd
root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-get install -y galera  mariadb-galera-server-5.5 mariadb-client-5.5 libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-core-5.5 rsync netcat-openbsd</code></pre>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M3BvZjln0AQYD8QiFGCNhnpY0ubQj4gYoLGqoXzMtMGtD-rEaGukGAYJLVmKHVpWNR4WYd1u_OWEp183t7BHBQtRNni34M0Q0o7tVneix8b5Fc6US3EPpkfcl9pKA_seZTrv5PtIVvnX/s1600/galera-cluster-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M3BvZjln0AQYD8QiFGCNhnpY0ubQj4gYoLGqoXzMtMGtD-rEaGukGAYJLVmKHVpWNR4WYd1u_OWEp183t7BHBQtRNni34M0Q0o7tVneix8b5Fc6US3EPpkfcl9pKA_seZTrv5PtIVvnX/s1600/galera-cluster-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During the installation process you will be asked to configure the root password for the MariaDB, so make sure that you configured the same root password on all the three nodes.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnZResmDrnHN7vNkVWLczkvNP27If-WBAXzRCT-ATrOgfV3VIvHPTnEXZo2qFlHtuUphA8LIR9uLwrIzBnz8RkLtHoxjsJpkAQAkqHOq3bjMYhkK1o8ASS8A8HZspZUZnUyvIQl2VNBJg_/s1600/mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnZResmDrnHN7vNkVWLczkvNP27If-WBAXzRCT-ATrOgfV3VIvHPTnEXZo2qFlHtuUphA8LIR9uLwrIzBnz8RkLtHoxjsJpkAQAkqHOq3bjMYhkK1o8ASS8A8HZspZUZnUyvIQl2VNBJg_/s1600/mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Once the installations of these packages are done, you will get a MariaDB server on each one of your three nodes but they aren’t yet configured.</span></div>
<h2 id="configuring-mariadb-cluster" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Configuring MariaDB Cluster</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Let’s proceed with the configurations changes for the MariaDB Galera Cluster setup.</span></div>
<h3 id="mysql-settings" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">MySQL Settings</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First of all open the <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my.cnf</code> file and comment the following lines on all the three nodes.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-nodeX:~# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
#bind-address           = 127.0.0.1
#default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#query_cache_limit              = 128K
#query_cache_size               = 64M
</code></pre>
<h3 id="mariadb-settings" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">MariaDB Settings</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now add following lines for wsrep configuration options in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my.cnf</code> file under <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">[mysqld]</code> directive as shown below.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-nodeX:~# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=innodb
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1
innodb_doublewrite=1
</code></pre>
<h3 id="vsrep-providers-configurations" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">VSRep Providers Configurations</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here we will configure the vsrep configurations on each node under the <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">[mysqld]</code> directory by adding the following lines in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">/etc/mysql/my.cnf</code> file on each node with their specific hostnames, root password and IP address.</span></div>
<h4 id="configurations-for-ubuntu-node1" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Configurations for <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 17.1px; padding: 2px 4px;">ubuntu-node1</code></span></h4>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=256M; gcache.page_size=128M"
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://ubuntu-node1
wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"
wsrep_node_address="ubuntu-node1"
wsrep_node_name="ubuntu-node1"
wsrep_sst_auth="root:root123"
wsrep_node_incoming_address=172.25.10.21
wsrep_sst_receive_address=172.25.10.21
wsrep_slave_threads=16
</code></pre>
<h4 id="configurations-for-ubuntu-node2" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Configurations For <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 17.1px; padding: 2px 4px;">ubuntu-node2</code></span></h4>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=256M; gcache.page_size=128M"
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://ubuntu-node1
wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"
wsrep_node_address="ubuntu-node2"
wsrep_node_name="ubuntu-node2"
wsrep_sst_auth="root:root123"
wsrep_node_incoming_address=172.25.10.22
wsrep_sst_receive_address=172.25.10.22
wsrep_slave_threads=16
</code></pre>
<h4 id="configurations-for-ubuntu-node3" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Configurations For <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 17.1px; padding: 2px 4px;">ubuntu-node3</code></span></h4>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=256M; gcache.page_size=128M"
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://ubuntu-node1
wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"
wsrep_node_address="ubuntu-node3"
wsrep_node_name="ubuntu-node3"
wsrep_sst_auth="root:root123"
wsrep_node_incoming_address=172.25.10.23
wsrep_sst_receive_address=172.25.10.23
wsrep_slave_threads=16
</code></pre>
<h3 id="restart-mysql-services" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Restart MySQL Services</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After configuring the mysql and <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">wsrep</code> parameters we need to restart its service on all the node.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# service mysql restart
root@ubuntu-node2:~# service mysql restart
root@ubuntu-node3:~# service mysql restart</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
<h2 id="testing-mariadb-galera-cluster" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Testing MariaDB Galera Cluster</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To confirm the status of MariaDB cluster VSRep, let’s login to the MariaDB console and execute the following command to check the output of give command.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# mysql -u root –p
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like 'wsrep_%';</code></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC7bSAgKV5b8gD7cC02TgMOIKaOzOuDMQH81h7I3Fm_0EdiRZGzpp2oarlVQu3E22PQWplfxcOGG9A86Emx5TvMVpD0BOup03B1fTu33K9e7q0EdfH0Y46Yi_OSv8sk5GUfnHdd2dbu7yE/s1600/galera-mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC7bSAgKV5b8gD7cC02TgMOIKaOzOuDMQH81h7I3Fm_0EdiRZGzpp2oarlVQu3E22PQWplfxcOGG9A86Emx5TvMVpD0BOup03B1fTu33K9e7q0EdfH0Y46Yi_OSv8sk5GUfnHdd2dbu7yE/s1600/galera-mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">You can also confirm the status of your running cluster and its replication by running the below command on each of your node. You will see the cluster size in response to the output of that command.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# mysql -u root -p -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"'
root@ubuntu-node2:~# mysql -u root -p -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"'
root@ubuntu-node3:~# mysql -u root -p -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"'</code></pre>
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<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></span></div>
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How to deploy a MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04

MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04 We need at least 3 hosts running together with Ubuntu 14.04 Operating system to form a reliable cluster. The following is the hosts list that we had setup for t…

27 Feb 2016

How to Install,Configure and Use SysStat System Monitoring Tool on Centos 7

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><u><i>Install SysStat to enable system monitoring.<br /></i></u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sysstat</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> is really a handy tool which comes with number of utilities to monitor system resources, their performance and usage activities. Number of utilities that we all use in our daily bases comes with sysstat package. It also provide the tool which can be scheduled using cron to collect all performance and activity data.</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #272727; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Following are the list of tools included in sysstat packages.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: orange; font-family: Roboto Condensed, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><u>Sysstat Features</u></span></span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">iostat: Reports all statistics about your CPU and I/O statistics for I/O devices.</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">mpstat</span>: Details about CPUs (individual or combined).</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">pidstat</span>: Statistics about running processes/task, CPU, memory etc.</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sar</span>: Save and report details about different resources (CPU, Memory, IO, Network, kernel etc..).</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sadc</span>: System activity data collector, used for collecting data in backend for sar.</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sa1</span>: Fetch and store binary data in sadc data file. This is used with sadc.</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sa2</span>: Summaries daily report to be used with sar.</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sadf</span>: Used for displaying data generated by sar in different formats (CSV or XML).</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sysstat</span>: Man page for sysstat utility.</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nfsiostat-sysstat</span>: I/O statistics for NFS.</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">cifsiostat</span>: Statistics for CIFS.</span></li>
</ol>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec ~]# yum -y install sysstat
[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# systemctl start sysstat </span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# systemctl enable sysstat </span></pre>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">[2]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Logging is executed by cron's setting like follows.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">* Logs are stored in /var/log/sa/sa** per 10 minutes with /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 command.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">* The Statics of a day is generated at 23:53 every day to /var/log/sa/sar** with /usr/lib64/sa/sa2 command.</span></div>
</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# cat /etc/cron.d/sysstat 
</span><span style="color: orange;"># Run system activity accounting tool every 10 minutes
</span><span style="color: lime;">*/10 * * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1
</span><span style="color: white;"># 0 * * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa1 600 6 &
</span><span style="color: orange;"># Generate a daily summary of process accounting at 23:53
</span><span style="color: lime;">53 23 * * * root /usr/lib64/sa/sa2 -A
</span></span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">If you'd like to change some settings of SysStat, the configuration file is located like follows.</span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# vi </span><span style="color: lime;">/etc/sysconfig/sysstat</span><span style="color: white;">

</span><span style="color: lime;"># sysstat-10.1.5 configuration file.
</span><span style="color: white;">
# How long to keep log files (in days).
# If value is greater than 28, then log files are kept in
# multiple directories, one for each month.
HISTORY=28

# Compress (using gzip or bzip2) sa and sar files older than (in days):
COMPRESSAFTER=31

# Parameters for the system activity data collector (see sadc manual page)
# which are used for the generation of log files.
# *note
SADC_OPTIONS="-S DISK"

</span><span style="color: orange;"># *note : valid options
INT     ⇒  System Interrupts
DISK    ⇒  Block Devices
SNMP    ⇒  SNMP statistics
IPV6    ⇒  IPv6 statistics
POWER   ⇒  Power Management statistics
ALL     ⇒  All of the above
XDISK   ⇒  DISK + Partition statistics
XALL    ⇒  All of the above (ALL + XDISK)</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>SysStat : How to use</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">To input sar command with specifying options like follows, it's possible to display logs. (refer to "man sar" for more details)</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: medium;">.</span><br />
<table class="base" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("../img/bgcom.gif"); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-spacing: 0px; color: black; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 5px auto 10px; padding: 0px; width: 1212px;" summary="1"><tbody style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td class="num" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top; width: 30px;"><br /></td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="block" style="margin: 0px 0px 21px; padding: 0px;">
<table style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-size: 12px; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;" summary="Options"><tbody style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="background: rgb(240, 248, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; width: 100px;">Option</td><td style="background: rgb(240, 248, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; width: 230px;">Description</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-u</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">CPU utilization statistics</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-r</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Memory utilization statistics</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-b</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">I/O and transfer rate statistics</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-B</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Paging statistics</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-d</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Activity for each block device</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-n [keyword]</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Network statistics</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-q</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Queue length and load averages</td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">-A</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Display All<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Display today's statics reports.</u></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"># CPU
</span><span style="color: white;">
[root@hackthesec ~]# sar -u 
01:10:01 AM     CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle
10:20:01 AM     all      0.90      0.00      0.23      1.19      0.03     97.65
...
...
01:30:01 PM     all      0.04      0.00      0.06      0.14      0.04     99.72
Average:        all      3.60      0.00      0.05      0.21      0.01     96.13

</span><span style="color: orange;"># memory
</span><span style="color: white;">
[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -r </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM kbmemfree kbmemused  %memused kbbuffers  kbcached  kbcommit   %commit
10:20:01 AM   3681144    241544      6.16     10744    138392     83984      1.04
...
...
01:40:01 PM   3663328    259360      6.61     14752    145988     87996      1.09
Average:      3666930    255758      6.52     13204    144710     88273      1.10

</span><span style="color: orange;"># I/O
</span><span style="color: white;">
[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -b </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM       tps      rtps      wtps   bread/s   bwrtn/s
10:20:01 AM     45.21      9.35     35.87    257.22    409.24
...
...
01:40:01 PM      0.52      0.00      0.52      0.00      5.43
Average:         3.11      0.49      2.62     14.55     29.32

</span><span style="color: orange;"># network
</span><span style="color: white;">
[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -n DEV </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
10:20:01 AM        lo      1.04      1.04      0.09      0.09      0.00      0.00      0.00
10:20:01 AM      eth0      7.48      4.48     10.06      0.30      0.00      0.00      0.00
...
...
01:40:01 PM        lo      0.01      0.01      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
01:40:01 PM      eth0      0.05      0.04      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
Average:           lo      0.08      0.08      0.01      0.01      0.00      0.00      0.00
Average:         eth0      0.54      0.38      0.51      0.03      0.00      0.00      0.00

</span><span style="color: orange;"># load avarage
</span><span style="color: white;">
[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -q </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM   runq-sz  plist-sz   ldavg-1   ldavg-5  ldavg-15
10:20:01 AM         1        99      0.04      0.07      0.04
...
...
01:30:01 PM         1       104      0.00      0.00      0.00
01:40:01 PM         1       101      0.00      0.00      0.00
Average:            1       102      0.11      0.08      0.06
</span></span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Display past statics with specifying a log file.</u></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u></u></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Log files are stored under the /var/log/sa directory.</u></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"># display all statisc by a log file
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -A -f /var/log/sa/sa05 </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">01:10:01 AM     CPU      %usr     %nice      %sys   %iowait    %steal      %irq     %soft    %guest     %idle
10:20:01 AM     all      0.90      0.00      0.19      1.19      0.03      0.04      0.00      0.00     97.65
10:20:01 AM       0      0.96      0.00      0.19      1.27      0.03      0.04      0.00      0.00     97.51
...
...
01:50:01 PM       125         3         4         0         0         0
02:00:01 PM       125         3         4         0         0         0
Average:          122         3         4         0         0         0

</span><span style="color: orange;"># display the load average with specifying times by a log file
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -q -s 11:00:00 -e 12:00:00 -f /var/log/sa/sa05 </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">11:00:01 AM   runq-sz  plist-sz   ldavg-1   ldavg-5  ldavg-15
11:10:01 AM         1       103      0.01      0.03      0.14
11:20:01 AM         1       102      0.01      0.01      0.06
11:30:01 AM         1       102      0.00      0.00      0.01
11:40:01 AM         1       101      0.00      0.00      0.00
11:50:01 AM         1       101      0.01      0.01      0.00
Average:            1       102      0.01      0.01      0.04</span></span></span>
</pre>
<div>
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Display current statics.</u></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;"># display CPU utilization per a second 3 times
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: orange; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -u 1 3 </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;">01:51:34 AM     CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle
01:51:35 AM     all      0.00      0.00      0.50      0.00      0.00     99.50
01:51:36 AM     all      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.50     99.50
01:51:37 AM     all      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00    100.00
Average:        all      0.00      0.00      0.17      0.00      0.17     99.67

</span><span style="color: lime;"># display I/O and network per 2 seconds 5 times
</span><span style="color: orange;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: orange; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# sar -b -n DEV 2 5 </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;">01:54:11 AM       tps      rtps      wtps   bread/s   bwrtn/s
01:54:13 AM      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00

01:54:11 AM     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
01:54:13 AM        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
01:54:13 AM      eth0      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
...
...
01:54:19 AM       tps      rtps      wtps   bread/s   bwrtn/s
01:54:21 AM      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00

01:54:19 AM     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
01:54:21 AM        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
01:54:21 AM      eth0      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00

Average:          tps      rtps      wtps   bread/s   bwrtn/s
Average:         0.70      0.00      0.70      0.00      4.80

Average:        IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
Average:           lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
Average:         eth0      0.20      0.00      0.01      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">SysStat packages includes other commands not only Sar command, so it's possible to display current statics with them like follows.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: orange;"># display I/O with Mega bytes per 2 seconds
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec ~]# iostat -mx -d 2 
Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rMB/s    wMB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await  svctm  %util
vda               0.11     1.05    0.43    0.63     0.01     0.01    28.44     0.05   51.01   9.29   0.99
dm-0              0.00     0.00    0.48    1.65     0.01     0.01    14.05     0.20   95.25   4.64   0.99
dm-1              0.00     0.00    0.02    0.00     0.00     0.00     8.00     0.00    1.14   0.52   0.00
...
...

</span><span style="color: orange;"># display all CPU utilization per 2 seconds 3 times
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# mpstat -P ALL 2 3 </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">02:28:57 PM  CPU    %usr   %nice    %sys %iowait    %irq   %soft  %steal  %guest   %idle
02:28:59 PM  all    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
02:28:59 PM    0    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.50    0.00    0.00    0.00   99.50
02:28:59 PM    1    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00  100.00
...
...

</span><span style="color: orange;"># display memory utilization of a process per a second 3 times
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# pidstat -r -p 1202 1 3 </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">02:34:07 PM       PID  minflt/s  majflt/s     VSZ    RSS   %MEM  Command
02:34:08 PM      1202      0.00      0.00  175360   2456   0.06  httpd
02:34:09 PM      1202      0.00      0.00  175360   2456   0.06  httpd
02:34:10 PM      1202      0.00      0.00  175360   2456   0.06  httpd
Average:         1202      0.00      0.00  175360   2456   0.06  httpd
...
...

</span><span style="color: orange;"># display CIFS statics with Mega bytes per a 1 second 3 times
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@</span></span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;">hackthesec</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 15.6px;"> ~]# cifsiostat -m 1 3 </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">Filesystem:                    rB/s         wB/s    rops/s    wops/s         fo/s         fc/s         fd/s
\\10.0.0.100\tmp               0.00        20.93      0.00      0.00         0.00         0.00         0.00
...
...
</span></span></span></pre>
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