Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: ubuntu-14.04

How To Deploy a Hugo Site to Production with Git Hooks on Ubuntu 14.04

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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><u><i>Deploy a Hugo Site to Production with Git Hooks on Ubuntu</i></u></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Hugo is an open source static site generator. Static site generators build a web page the moment you’re creating or editing new content. It comes with a watch mode which automatically refreshes web pages when editing them. Hugo was started as a side project by Steve Francia and today its community has more than 165 contributions, 35 themes and thousands of users. The biggest advantage of using static is that the websites are incredibly fast especially when compared to sites that carry all the burden of a heavyweight content management system.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVj0jjZ5vB5_gji1LGruqcLJmNWshZ8sPw6nrMR7b1zLRvB8VLjqXA_VVwViOdyoDkReYoJPrClZUFhpQPdGhCcmAAAGFKNCzsyFb8cKwt4RK7wVWjFU0g4K0uzPcg6WoDLmAvb1SrEtGR/s1600/hugo_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVj0jjZ5vB5_gji1LGruqcLJmNWshZ8sPw6nrMR7b1zLRvB8VLjqXA_VVwViOdyoDkReYoJPrClZUFhpQPdGhCcmAAAGFKNCzsyFb8cKwt4RK7wVWjFU0g4K0uzPcg6WoDLmAvb1SrEtGR/s1600/hugo_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Pre-requisites</u></span></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In order to deploy Hugo site on production, you must first setup your development server with Hugo on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/ubuntu-14.04" target="_blank">Ubuntu 14.04</a>. Then build a new production server with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a> 14.04 installed. Once you have access to both development and production servers, perform the following tasks to achieve your target deployment on Hugo Site with Git Hooks.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">SSH Key Authentication</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First of all we are going to setup a <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH" target="_blank">SSH </a>key authentication between development server (on which we have already installed Hugo) and the product server on which we will be setting up the production site with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/git" target="_blank">Git Hooks</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let’s run the command below to check if there’s already a key pair placed or not.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ ls ~/.ssh/id_rsa</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If it shows no such file on directory, run the command below to generate a new ssh key.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ ssh-keygen</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Choose the file where you wish to save the key other than the default location. Then use the command below to copy this key to your production server.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ ssh-copy-id ubuntu@production_server_ip </span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After providing the right user credentials you will see the following output.</span></span></div>
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<code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">Number of key(s) added: 1</code></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now try logging into the machine, with:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />“ssh ‘ubuntu@12.23.55.21′”<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let’s run the command on your production server from the development server.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ ssh ubuntu@162.253.55.241 hostname</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Initial Git Repo Transfer</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In order to setup the ‘post-receive’ hook on the production server in the near future, we need to transfer an initial clone of our Hugo repository to the production server. To do this, first we will create a bare repository from our main Hugo repository in the ‘/tmp’ directory. Bare repository is a special ‘git’ repository with no working directory. So, to create this copy we will use the ‘git clone’ command using the ‘–enable’ option as shown.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ git clone --bare ~/hugo_web /tmp/hugo_web.git </span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then copy this bare repo to the home directory of your Production server user using the command as shown below.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ scp -r /tmp/hugo_web.git ubuntu@prod-server_ip:</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding Git Remote For Production</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let’s add the git to the remote production server as a tracked remote repository using its bare repo. This will allow us to push new content to our production server easily.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now change your directory to Hugo website and then run the command to give name to the remote as ‘prod’ and specify the connection information and location to the bare repository on the remote system.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ cd hugo_web/</span>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web$ git remote add prod ubuntu@prod_server_ip:hugo_web.git</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Setup Production Server</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So far we have successfully configured our development server, now we are going to setup our production server by following some steps to install a few basic packages. Hugo installation then will create ‘post-receive’ script to deploy new content pushed to our repository.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Installing Packages on Production Server</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We need to install Git, Pygments and <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/NGINX" target="_blank">Nginx </a>server packages on our production server. The ‘Git’ software will be used to receive pushes and to execute our deployment script. Then we need to install ‘Pygments’ for syntaxt highlighting and ‘<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/NGINX" target="_blank">Nginx</a>’ as the web server that will make your contents available for the visitors.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let’s run the following command to update your Ubuntu server with the latest updates and patches.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ sudo apt-get update</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then run this command to install ‘git’, ‘nginx’ and ‘python-pip’ packages.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ sudo apt-get install git nginx python-pip</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Press ‘Y’ key to proceed with the installation process. Once these packages are installed, execute the command below to install Pygments using ‘pip’ command.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The pakages have been installed. Now we can test if we have setup the remote repository correctly on our pre-prod development machine using the following command in the Hugo project directory.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web$ git ls-remote prod</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Installing Hugo on Production</u></span></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Run the following command to download the latest hugo package and then install using ‘<b>dpkg</b>’ command as shown in the image.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ wget https://github.com/spf13/hugo/releases/download/v0.15/hugo_0.15_amd64.deb</span>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ sudo dpkg -i hugo_0.15_amd64.deb</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For confirmation run the command below to check the version of your Hugo installation.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ hugo version</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now clone Hugo themes directly from Github into your home directory by executing the command below.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ git clone --recursive https://github.com/spf13/hugoThemes ~/themes</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Nginx Configuration to Serve Production Files</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here we will be configuring the Nginx <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Linux-Server" target="_blank">web server</a> to serve the files produced during the deployment. To do so we will create a new directory in our user’s home and then configure the default configuration file of Nginx to make a few adjustments.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ mkdir ~/public_html</span>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default</span></pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV9SIKfpXV6bLg_JroksDY1_yuyspJjZZbF6IvGI3L-48kGc4DHAwBbWzYoGxTnPcXiFeuOJhWaaQjWg0VQaXWm0DPrsNRZHs3bKi2GGkI1wpNmlD-3d-ru7luYj0IDacnSzQKQhPZZwVR/s1600/hugo_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV9SIKfpXV6bLg_JroksDY1_yuyspJjZZbF6IvGI3L-48kGc4DHAwBbWzYoGxTnPcXiFeuOJhWaaQjWg0VQaXWm0DPrsNRZHs3bKi2GGkI1wpNmlD-3d-ru7luYj0IDacnSzQKQhPZZwVR/s1600/hugo_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Make sure that you have changed the document root path and server name according to your server IP address or domain name.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then restart Nginx services, so that the changes will be applied.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ sudo service nginx restart</span></pre>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Creating Post-Receive Hook to Deploy Hugo Site</span></u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In this step we will be ready to work on post-receive hook deployment scripts by creating a new file in the ‘hooks’ directory present in the bare directory of our production server.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Change your directory to the ‘hooks’ and create a new file and put the following contents in it as shown below.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ cd hugo_web.git/hooks/
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web.git/hooks$ vim post-receive

GIT_REPO=$HOME/hugo_web.git
WORKING_DIRECTORY=$HOME/hugo_web-working
PUBLIC_WWW=$HOME/public_html
BACKUP_WWW=$HOME/backup_html
MY_DOMAIN=162.253.55.241

set -e

rm -rf $WORKING_DIRECTORY
rsync -aqz $PUBLIC_WWW/ $BACKUP_WWW
trap "echo 'An issue has been occurred.  Reverting to backup.'; rsync -aqz --del $BACKUP_WWW/ $PUBLIC_WWW; rm -rf $WORKING_DIRECTORY" EXIT

git clone $GIT_REPO $WORKING_DIRECTORY
rm -rf $PUBLIC_WWW/*
/usr/bin/hugo -s $WORKING_DIRECTORY -d $PUBLIC_WWW -b "http://${MY_DOMAIN}"
rm -rf $WORKING_DIRECTORY
trap – EXIT</code></span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In this file, after indicating the bash script, we have setup the ‘git_repo’ to our bare repository. Then, mention the ‘Working_Directory’ to clone this bare repository, while the ‘<b>Public_www</b>’ variable and backup web folder will be kept accessible through the ‘<b>Backup_www</b>’ variable.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One thing that you should keep in mind is to change ‘My_Domain’ parameter with your production server’s IP. In the second part of the script, use a bash command, ‘set -e’ to exit immediately in case of any error.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the last part of our script we have used the ‘trap’ command, so that in case of deployment failure the trap command will restore our backup copy to the web document root directory.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW24K7bWVwmrWS4uW2gMlADMNQIiWuO4Ff3sRhzr8ekMChQf9kAh22eyeTybzzgMjvrFQO-IwnJmS9HaVOPcSnkBXbLvEFB5V6rwqPP5W3L8iECG_hm-v84PhSa6sjFudLTDUY6lLJ-8GO/s1600/Post-Receive-Hook-to-Deploy-Hugo-Site_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW24K7bWVwmrWS4uW2gMlADMNQIiWuO4Ff3sRhzr8ekMChQf9kAh22eyeTybzzgMjvrFQO-IwnJmS9HaVOPcSnkBXbLvEFB5V6rwqPP5W3L8iECG_hm-v84PhSa6sjFudLTDUY6lLJ-8GO/s1600/Post-Receive-Hook-to-Deploy-Hugo-Site_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After completing the file configuration, use below command to give it executable permissions.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web.git/hooks$ chmod +x post-receive</span></pre>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Testing Deployment System</span></u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is the last step to test our production deployment system after completing the configurations. To do so, simply execute the bash script that we created in the previous step.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web.git/hooks$ bash post-receive</span>

<code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cloning into '/home/ubuntu/hugo_web-working'...
done.
0 of 2 drafts rendered
0 future content
2 pages created
0 paginator pages created
0 tags created
0 categories created
in 17 ms</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now you can open your web browser by giving the IP or FQDN of your production server to see the same contents you have configured in your pre-prod server.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you wish to add some more content, go back to your development server and run the command below to add a new post.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web$ hugo new post/Testing-Deployment.md</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A new file will be opened in your default editor, so put some new contents and close the file after saving the changes. Then run the following commands to add the contents to git and commit the changes.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">root@ubuntu:~/hugo_web$ git add .</span>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">root@ubuntu:~/hugo_web$ git commit -m 'Deployment test'</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now run the following command to deploy the new contents on the pre-prod to the production server.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web$ git push prod master</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now visit your production server’s IP address in your web browser. You will be glad to see your new content in your web browser.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hackthesec</a></div>
</div>
</div>

How To Deploy a Hugo Site to Production with Git Hooks on Ubuntu 14.04

Deploy a Hugo Site to Production with Git Hooks on Ubuntu Hugo is an open source static site generator. Static site generators build a w...

How to configure HTTP authentication with Nginx on Ubuntu 14.04

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">/usr/bin/htpasswd</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now, we can proceed with the creation of our `<b>.htpasswd</b>` file which will contain the information about the username and the password.</span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Creating User and Password</u></span></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here we will create a `<b>.htpasswd</b>` file under the document root directory of our virtual host or website being served by Nginx. Let’s run the following command that will create the file and add the user with an encrypted password.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: large;">root@ubuntu-14:~# htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd testuser</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVW17xmzge_IJln7Rlctu5l5kT3iFkzkj5WhD2SoDbs7uWGnQaK2PAc1MgVNKgxtE5eWCDNDDiKMQo66q4t5yx2X2pAhe9nHPSS1vi6xHfEp6KE-IPnKMiG_gN9JZFYH5DV7xBxXSdnkSN/s1600/htpasswd_creation_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVW17xmzge_IJln7Rlctu5l5kT3iFkzkj5WhD2SoDbs7uWGnQaK2PAc1MgVNKgxtE5eWCDNDDiKMQo66q4t5yx2X2pAhe9nHPSS1vi6xHfEp6KE-IPnKMiG_gN9JZFYH5DV7xBxXSdnkSN/s1600/htpasswd_creation_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the above command we can describe the used parameters where `<b>/etc/nginx/</b>` is the directory that we want to set for the authentication while `testuser` is the new user name that will be used for authentication purposes. So after executing the command, it will ask for the new password to set for the new user and that’s it! We’re done with the new user setup for our web directory.</span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Nginx Configurations Update</u></span></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now we will modify the Nginx configuration file to use the .htpasswd file. In our case, we will be using our virtual host’s Nginx configuration file located in `<b>/etc/nginx/sites-available/</b>` directory. Make sure that you are using the right configuration file as your domain config may have a different name.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Let’s open the virtual host conf file using any editor you are comfortable with.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: large;">root@ubuntu-14:~# vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/test.com</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Press `i` for insertion mode and add the following two lines as required under the servers section.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">auth_basic "Username and Password required";</span>

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Press `<b>Esc</b>` key and type `<b>:wq!</b>` to save the changes in the configuration file of your virtual hosts file.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4PHxeW48OBrfVbBBKGiuBjj9PDz_Fp_wS5iY5d5nRAtwmZqpzLTGDWz55hzt9Ar1qI7ZLKcG_oNIK-Zksu0M809U0IPOnyREdkXiUl34VwgczgI983sR2gA2op-jqv4DQtgoRUliELO9x/s1600/htpasswd_setup-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4PHxeW48OBrfVbBBKGiuBjj9PDz_Fp_wS5iY5d5nRAtwmZqpzLTGDWz55hzt9Ar1qI7ZLKcG_oNIK-Zksu0M809U0IPOnyREdkXiUl34VwgczgI983sR2gA2op-jqv4DQtgoRUliELO9x/s1600/htpasswd_setup-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The first line defines the text that we will see in the login box when we access the folder using a web browser and the second one contains the path to our `.htpasswd` file where the username and the password is stored.</span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Restart Nginx</u></span></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now, to implement the changes on our test virtual host, reload or restart the nginx services and access the domain that has been secured using Basic HTTP Authentication.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">root@ubuntu-14:~# service nginx restart</span>

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">* Restarting nginx nginx</span></span></pre>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Secure Web Access</u></span></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Access your website by providing your configured domain name or IP address or the domain path that you have secured and you will notice a browser prompt to enter the login and password as shown below. After providing the preconfigured username and password you will be able to see your web page.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: large;">http://your_domain_name/</span></span></pre>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
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How to configure HTTP authentication with Nginx on Ubuntu 14.04

HTTP authentication with Nginx on Ubuntu HTTP supports the use of several authentication mechanisms to control access to pages and other...

How to deploy a MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 39px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 21px 0px 0px;">
<u><span style="color: red;">MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04</span></u></h1>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">We need at least 3 hosts running together with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a> 14.04 Operating system to form a reliable cluster. The following is the hosts list that we had setup for this article, where we will deploy the <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/MariaDB" target="_blank">MariaDB </a>Galera cluster:</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZp3NsfUvKk5bxQEX92Ju6r9hezo2W9ihFiK4gS49APcOp8Fi7RzAh1VX8oOTBM4j5ObnzySAJ8F1JEwSQykSmZlnMT6pGKuSqUhi5_i6BsJjr-YiSEwssTIMeL6XW1mLUdPaWpYTPOML-/s1600/galera-overview-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZp3NsfUvKk5bxQEX92Ju6r9hezo2W9ihFiK4gS49APcOp8Fi7RzAh1VX8oOTBM4j5ObnzySAJ8F1JEwSQykSmZlnMT6pGKuSqUhi5_i6BsJjr-YiSEwssTIMeL6XW1mLUdPaWpYTPOML-/s1600/galera-overview-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">ubuntu-node1 172.25.10.21
ubuntu-node2 172.25.10.22
ubuntu-node3 172.25.10.23</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now we will install the its required packages <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">rsync</code>, <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">galera</code> and <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">mariadb-galera-server</code> that need to be installed on all the three nodes.</span></div>
<h3 id="adding-repositories-and-packages" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding Repositories and Packages</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now we will start by adding the repository for Ubuntu so, first add the key files for the MariaDB repository to build the trust between the maintainers of repositories and that we can install the required packages.</span></div>
<h4 id="installing-the-gpg-key" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Installing the GPG key</span></h4>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Run the following command of all the three hosts to install its GPG key as follow.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-get install python-software-properties
root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-get install python-software-properties
root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-get install python-software-properties</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
<h4 id="adding-apt-repository" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding APT Repository</span></h4>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Now to add its APT repository have to execute the below commands.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db
root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db
root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
<h4 id="adding-ubuntu-repository" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding Ubuntu Repository</span></h4>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now can add the Ubuntu repository as per required whether to use its repository as we have the trusted key in the database, let’s add the actual repository using following command on all the nodes.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/5.6/ubuntu trusty main'
root@ubuntu-node2:~# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/5.6/ubuntu trusty main'
root@ubuntu-node3:~# add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/mariadb/repo/5.6/ubuntu trusty main'
</code></pre>
<h3 id="update-os-with-latest-repo" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Update OS with Latest Repo</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To get the latest repositories run the update command on the three nodes we are working on.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-get update
root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-get update
root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-get update
</code></pre>
<h2 id="installing-mariadb-cluster-galera-and-rsync" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Installing MariaDB Cluster, Galera and Rsync</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Let’s install the MariaDB and its related packages on each of the node with following command as:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# apt-get install -y galera  mariadb-galera-server-5.5 mariadb-client-5.5 libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-core-5.5 rsync netcat-openbsd
root@ubuntu-node2:~# apt-get install -y galera  mariadb-galera-server-5.5 mariadb-client-5.5 libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-core-5.5 rsync netcat-openbsd
root@ubuntu-node3:~# apt-get install -y galera  mariadb-galera-server-5.5 mariadb-client-5.5 libmariadbclient18 mariadb-client-core-5.5 rsync netcat-openbsd</code></pre>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M3BvZjln0AQYD8QiFGCNhnpY0ubQj4gYoLGqoXzMtMGtD-rEaGukGAYJLVmKHVpWNR4WYd1u_OWEp183t7BHBQtRNni34M0Q0o7tVneix8b5Fc6US3EPpkfcl9pKA_seZTrv5PtIVvnX/s1600/galera-cluster-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M3BvZjln0AQYD8QiFGCNhnpY0ubQj4gYoLGqoXzMtMGtD-rEaGukGAYJLVmKHVpWNR4WYd1u_OWEp183t7BHBQtRNni34M0Q0o7tVneix8b5Fc6US3EPpkfcl9pKA_seZTrv5PtIVvnX/s1600/galera-cluster-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During the installation process you will be asked to configure the root password for the MariaDB, so make sure that you configured the same root password on all the three nodes.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnZResmDrnHN7vNkVWLczkvNP27If-WBAXzRCT-ATrOgfV3VIvHPTnEXZo2qFlHtuUphA8LIR9uLwrIzBnz8RkLtHoxjsJpkAQAkqHOq3bjMYhkK1o8ASS8A8HZspZUZnUyvIQl2VNBJg_/s1600/mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnZResmDrnHN7vNkVWLczkvNP27If-WBAXzRCT-ATrOgfV3VIvHPTnEXZo2qFlHtuUphA8LIR9uLwrIzBnz8RkLtHoxjsJpkAQAkqHOq3bjMYhkK1o8ASS8A8HZspZUZnUyvIQl2VNBJg_/s1600/mariadb-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Once the installations of these packages are done, you will get a MariaDB server on each one of your three nodes but they aren’t yet configured.</span></div>
<h2 id="configuring-mariadb-cluster" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Configuring MariaDB Cluster</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Let’s proceed with the configurations changes for the MariaDB Galera Cluster setup.</span></div>
<h3 id="mysql-settings" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">MySQL Settings</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">First of all open the <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my.cnf</code> file and comment the following lines on all the three nodes.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-nodeX:~# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
#bind-address           = 127.0.0.1
#default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#query_cache_limit              = 128K
#query_cache_size               = 64M
</code></pre>
<h3 id="mariadb-settings" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">MariaDB Settings</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now add following lines for wsrep configuration options in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my.cnf</code> file under <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">[mysqld]</code> directive as shown below.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-nodeX:~# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=innodb
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1
innodb_doublewrite=1
</code></pre>
<h3 id="vsrep-providers-configurations" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">VSRep Providers Configurations</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here we will configure the vsrep configurations on each node under the <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">[mysqld]</code> directory by adding the following lines in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">/etc/mysql/my.cnf</code> file on each node with their specific hostnames, root password and IP address.</span></div>
<h4 id="configurations-for-ubuntu-node1" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Configurations for <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 17.1px; padding: 2px 4px;">ubuntu-node1</code></span></h4>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=256M; gcache.page_size=128M"
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://ubuntu-node1
wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"
wsrep_node_address="ubuntu-node1"
wsrep_node_name="ubuntu-node1"
wsrep_sst_auth="root:root123"
wsrep_node_incoming_address=172.25.10.21
wsrep_sst_receive_address=172.25.10.21
wsrep_slave_threads=16
</code></pre>
<h4 id="configurations-for-ubuntu-node2" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Configurations For <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 17.1px; padding: 2px 4px;">ubuntu-node2</code></span></h4>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=256M; gcache.page_size=128M"
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://ubuntu-node1
wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"
wsrep_node_address="ubuntu-node2"
wsrep_node_name="ubuntu-node2"
wsrep_sst_auth="root:root123"
wsrep_node_incoming_address=172.25.10.22
wsrep_sst_receive_address=172.25.10.22
wsrep_slave_threads=16
</code></pre>
<h4 id="configurations-for-ubuntu-node3" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Configurations For <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 17.1px; padding: 2px 4px;">ubuntu-node3</code></span></h4>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_provider_options="gcache.size=256M; gcache.page_size=128M"
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://ubuntu-node1
wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"
wsrep_node_address="ubuntu-node3"
wsrep_node_name="ubuntu-node3"
wsrep_sst_auth="root:root123"
wsrep_node_incoming_address=172.25.10.23
wsrep_sst_receive_address=172.25.10.23
wsrep_slave_threads=16
</code></pre>
<h3 id="restart-mysql-services" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Restart MySQL Services</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After configuring the mysql and <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">wsrep</code> parameters we need to restart its service on all the node.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# service mysql restart
root@ubuntu-node2:~# service mysql restart
root@ubuntu-node3:~# service mysql restart</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
<h2 id="testing-mariadb-galera-cluster" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Testing MariaDB Galera Cluster</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To confirm the status of MariaDB cluster VSRep, let’s login to the MariaDB console and execute the following command to check the output of give command.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# mysql -u root –p
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like 'wsrep_%';</code></pre>
</div>
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<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">You can also confirm the status of your running cluster and its replication by running the below command on each of your node. You will see the cluster size in response to the output of that command.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">root@ubuntu-node1:~# mysql -u root -p -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"'
root@ubuntu-node2:~# mysql -u root -p -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"'
root@ubuntu-node3:~# mysql -u root -p -e 'SELECT VARIABLE_VALUE as "cluster size" FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.GLOBAL_STATUS WHERE VARIABLE_NAME="wsrep_cluster_size"'</code></pre>
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How to deploy a MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04

MariaDB Galera cluster on Ubuntu 14.04 We need at least 3 hosts running together with Ubuntu 14.04 Operating system to form a reliable ...

How to Install and Manage Docker on Ubuntu 15.10 and 14.04 LTS

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<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<u><i><span style="color: red;">Install and Manage Docker on Ubuntu 15.10 & 14.04 LTS</span></i></u></h2>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Docker is container-based application framework, which wrap of a specific application with all its dependencies in a container. Docker containers can easily to ship to remote location on start there without making entire application setup. </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>1. Verify Requirements</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For standard installation Docker required 64 bit operating system having Kernel >= 3.10 version. Older versions of Kernel have some missing requirements to run all features of Docker.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ uname -r

</span><span style="color: lime;">3.19.0-49-generic</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;">
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For Ubuntu 15.10 & 14.04 Docker recommended to install the <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">linux-image-extra</span> kernel package.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo apt-get install </span><span style="color: orange;">linux-image-extra-$(uname -r)</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Add Docker Apt Repository</span></u></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First import docker GPG key to verify packages signature before installing them with apt-get.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;">$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D
</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now create a new apt configuration file <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list</span> and one of below docker</span></div>
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For Ubuntu Wily 15.10</h3>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-wily main
</span></pre>
<h3 class="heading2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #0379bf; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
For Ubuntu Trusty 14.04 (LTS)</h3>
<pre class="pretty" style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(240, 240, 240); border-left-color: rgb(116, 183, 63); border-left-width: 3px; border-radius: 5px; border-style: none none none solid; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 8px 20px 8px 18px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-trusty main
</span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>3. Install Docker</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First make sure there are no old repositories added in your system. Purge them before installing them.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo apt-get </span><span style="color: orange;">purge lxc-docker</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now use the following commands to upgrade apt index and install docker engine on your system.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo apt-get update
</span><span style="color: lime;">$ sudo apt-get install docker-engine</span></span><span style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span style="color: lime;">
</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After successful installation of Docker engine, Let’s start the docker service.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">$ sudo </span><span style="color: lime;">service docker start</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></pre>
<h2 class="heading1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bolder; line-height: 34px; margin: 45px 0px 12px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>4. Manage Docker Container</u></span></h2>
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Search Docker Images</h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First of all search Docker container images from Docker hub. For example, below command will search all images with Ubuntu and list as output</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"># docker search ubuntu
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Download Docker Images</h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now download the Docker container with name <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a> on your local system using following commands.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># docker pull ubuntu
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latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu

fa5be2806d4c: Pull complete 
b4af4261cb15: Downloading [==>               ] 3.779 MB/70.55 MB
5d358abc5d9c: Download complete 
2933d50b9f77: Download complete </span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now make sure that above images has been downloaded successfully on your system. Below command list all images.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"># docker images
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REPOSITORY  TAG            IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu      latest         36248ae4a9ac        7 days ago          188MB</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
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Launch New Container with Image</h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Finally launch a Docker container using above downloaded image on your system. Below command will start a new container and provide you access of that container with /bin/bash shell.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># docker </span><span style="color: lime;">run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash</span><span style="color: white;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To exit from docker container type <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><red>CTRL + P + Q</red></span>. This will leave container running in background an provide you host system console. If you used exit command, it will stop the current container.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After existing from Docker container, execute below command to list all running containers.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"># docker ps
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CONTAINER ID   IMAGE   COMMAND        CREATED     STATUS PORTS  NAMES
f2582758af13   ubuntu  "/bin/bash"    2 hours ago    Up 2 hours             first_ubuntu</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: 0.9em;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By default Above command will list only running containers. To list all containers (including stopped container) use following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># docker ps -a</span><span style="color: white;">
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Start/Stop/Attach Container</h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can start, stop or attach to any containers with following commands. To start container use following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: large;"># docker start <CONTAINER ID>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To stop container use following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">docker stop</span><span style="color: white;"> <CONTAINER ID>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To attach to currently running container use following command.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">docker</span><span style="color: white;"> attach <CONTAINER ID></span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a>
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