Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: RHEL

How to Monitor Linux Memory Bandwidth

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<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Monitor Linux Memory Bandwidth</u></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b>Requirements</b></span></span></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">glibc 2.14 / Intel</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">nasm - General-purpose x86 assembler</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Installing Memory Bandwidth</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Download The Package From <a href="https://www.mediafire.com/?yenef2319acep6p">Here</a></span></div>
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<u>https://www.mediafire.com/?yenef2319acep6p</u></div>
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<u><br /></u></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Install Requirement nasm</span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<b> RedHat</b></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># yum -y install nasm</span></span></pre>
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<b>Debian </b></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># apt-get install nasm</span></span></pre>
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<b>Gentoo </b></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># emerge nasm</span></span></pre>
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<b>Arch Linux </b></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># pacman -S nasm</span></span></pre>
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<b>FreeBSD</b></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># pkg install nasm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Now unzip it</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># tar zxvf bandwidth-1.2.0.tar.gz
# cd bandwidth-1.2.0</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Now we can create the executable by typing:</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># make bandwidth64</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Commands available for compiling</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86 Linux: make bandwidth32</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86_64 Linux: make bandwidth64</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86 Mac OS/X: make bandwidth-mac32</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86_64 Mac OS/X: make bandwidth-mac64</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for ARM Linux: make bandwidth-arm32</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">To compile for x86 Win32/Cygwin: make bandwidth-win32</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Note: For the Mac you will need to install the latest NASM; Apple's is insufficient.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Successful! Now let's run bandwidth64</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># ./bandwidth64</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Output</span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.5714px;">This is bandwidth version 1.1.

Copyright (C) 2005-2015 by Zack T Smith.
This software is covered by the GNU Public License.
It is provided AS-IS, use at your own risk.
See the file COPYING for more information.

CPU family: GenuineIntel
CPU features: MMX SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4.1 SSE4.2 AES XD Intel64

Cache 0: L1 data cache, line size 64, 8-ways, 64 sets, size 32k
Cache 1: L1 instruction cache, line size 64, 4-ways, 128 sets, size 32k
Cache 2: L2 unified cache, line size 64, 8-ways, 512 sets, size 256k
Cache 3: L3 unified cache, line size 64, 16-ways, 12288 sets, size 12288k

Notation: B = byte, kB = 1024 B, MB = 1048576 B.

CPU speed is 3458.2 MHz.

Sequential read (128-bit), size = 128 B, loops = 2114977792, 51635.0 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 256 B, loops = 1162084352, 56740.6 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 384 B, loops = 774719946, 56736.7 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 512 B, loops = 581042176, 56739.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 640 B, loops = 464831081, 56735.2 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 768 B, loops = 387359973, 56734.4 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 896 B, loops = 332022834, 56738.5 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 1024 B, loops = 290586624, 56743.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 1280 B, loops = 232413324, 56740.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 2 kB, loops = 145260544, 56737.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 3 kB, loops = 96838885, 56736.9 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 4 kB, loops = 72630272, 56742.0 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 6 kB, loops = 48417226, 56738.5 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 8 kB, loops = 36315136, 56740.0 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 12 kB, loops = 24214074, 56741.2 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 16 kB, loops = 18157568, 56735.7 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 20 kB, loops = 14525784, 56740.4 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 24 kB, loops = 12104820, 56735.9 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 28 kB, loops = 10375560, 56738.7 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 32 kB, loops = 8742912, 54640.6 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 34 kB, loops = 6781113, 45025.7 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 36 kB, loops = 5341700, 37553.3 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 40 kB, loops = 4810806, 37580.8 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 48 kB, loops = 4013100, 37622.4 MB/s
Sequential read (128-bit), size = 64 kB, loops = 3014656, 37673.6 MB/s</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.5714px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></span></pre>
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How to Monitor Linux Memory Bandwidth

Monitor Linux Memory Bandwidth Requirements glibc 2.14 / Intel nasm - General-purpose x86 assembler Installing Memory Bandw...

Reverse SSH Tunneling

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<h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Raleway, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 33px; line-height: 46px; margin: 0px 0px 8px;">
<u><span style="color: #990000;">Reverse SSH Tunneling</span></u></h1>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In this tutorial we will covering how to bypass these restrictions using a technique called Rerverse SSH Tunneling.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Note: This tutorial assumes you are using <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>. The steps however are expected to work for other Linux distribution.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Prerequisites:</u></span></b></div>
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<ul style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;">
<li>An Ubuntu server instance.</li>
<li>A SSH Client on your local machine.</li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 1: Configuring SSH daemon on your server:</span></u></b></span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">By default, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH">SSH </a>daemon is only listening on <span style="color: red;">127.0.0.1</span>, so we won’t be able to access to our forwarded ports from outside. To get it listen on the interface connected to Internet we must enable <span style="color: red;">GatewayPorts </span>option in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH">SSH </a>server's configuration.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Open <b>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</b> using your favorite text editor.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Then add <b><span style="color: red;">GatewayPorts yes</span></b> at the bottom of the file.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">After saving the file, restart the SSH daemon:</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">service ssh restart</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 2: Tunneling:</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If your home computer runs Linux, you’ll need to use the ssh command as follows:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">ssh -R [Port to forward to on your VPS]:localhost:[Port to forward on your local machine] [VPS IP]</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Or if you have installed Microsoft Windows on your machine then you have to install <a href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html">plink</a> and connect as shows below:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">plink -R [Port to forward to on your VPS]:localhost:[Port to forward on your local machine] [VPS IP]</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In this example, we’re forwarding port <b>19132</b> which is open on your at-home machine to port <b>80 </b>on your remote server (assuming your server's IP Address is <b>192.168.0.1</b>).</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">ssh -R 80:localhost:19132 192.168.0.1</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This will allow you to access your at-home machine from a remote location by connecting to <b>192.168.0.1:80</b></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
</div>
</div>

Reverse SSH Tunneling

Reverse SSH Tunneling In this tutorial we will covering how to bypass these restrictions using a technique called Rerverse SSH Tunneling...

How to convert rpm file into deb file

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<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Raleway, sans-serif; font-size: 36px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 16px;">
<u><span style="color: #990000;">Convert rpm file into deb file</span></u></h1>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In this tutorial we learn, how to convert rpm file into deb file.In Debian based OS like ubuntu the package file extension is .deb file. For installing the package in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Debian">debian </a>based OS we use the command dpkg -i package-name.deb .</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB7uUiV6jzefwqMcPz0MUyAi_okEQsb5plM-46VPbqsa7ueQHaz3As03adZGEcImsjli2pEjoBCeVLur2trbNsyYVPcCX0NKcCBAERZ_Qq0TZxiHJTyYjbSye0DuHhhYucpBM1mizzJiak/s1600/Convert-RPM-to-DEB-and-DEB-to-RPM_hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB7uUiV6jzefwqMcPz0MUyAi_okEQsb5plM-46VPbqsa7ueQHaz3As03adZGEcImsjli2pEjoBCeVLur2trbNsyYVPcCX0NKcCBAERZ_Qq0TZxiHJTyYjbSye0DuHhhYucpBM1mizzJiak/s1600/Convert-RPM-to-DEB-and-DEB-to-RPM_hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL">Red Hat based linux</a> the package file extension comes in .rpm format .(RPM means Red Hat Package Manager).Sometimes there are some package which are available in rpm file. Hence for installing these package in Debain based OS we have to convert rpm file into deb file.</span></span></div>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Follow the given below steps, to convert rpm file into deb file.</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Login into Debian based OS (<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu">ubuntu</a>/debian/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Linux%20Tutorial">linux </a>mint etc). </div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Step1 : Install alien package in Ubuntu</div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">sudo apt-get install alien</span></span></pre>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 2 : Check if alien is installed or not</span></u></b></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">dpkg -l|grep alien</span></span></pre>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 3: Download any rpm file</span></u></b><span style="color: #0b5394;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
For example i just download the rpm vsftpd pakage.</div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">wget ftp://centos.arcticnetwork.ca/pub/centos/6.4/os/x86_64/Packages/vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step 4 : run the command , sudo alien package_name.rpm</u></b></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.5714px;">[linux@linux:~/Desktop]$ sudo alien vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm 
[sudo] password for linux:
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Warning: Skipping conversion of scripts in package vsftpd: postinst prerm
Warning: Use the –scripts parameter to include the scripts.
warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
vsftpd_2.2.2-12_amd64.deb generated
linux@linux:~/Desktop$ ls
vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm vsftpd_2.2.2-12_amd64.deb
linux@</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.5714px;">linux</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18.5714px;">:~/Desktop$</span></pre>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><span style="color: red;">Now you can see vsftpd_2.2.2-12_amd64.deb file is created</span></b></div>
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<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step 6: Now you can install the .deb package with command, dpkg -i packag-name.deb</span></u></b></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">dpkg -i vsftpd_2.2.2-12_amd64.deb</span></span></pre>
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<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Either creating the deb from rpm file .You can directly install the rpm with alien command also.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Use the command, <b>alien -i package-name.rpm</b></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">sudo alien -i vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></span></pre>
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</div>

How to convert rpm file into deb file

Convert rpm file into deb file In this tutorial we learn, how to convert rpm file into deb file.In Debian based OS like ubuntu the pack...

How to install and configure rsnapshot on RHEL/Centos 6/7

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<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<u><span style="color: #990000;">Install and configure rsnapshot on RHEL/Centos 6/7</span></u></h2>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This tutorial will describe how to set up and use <b>rsnapshot</b>, a remote backup solution based on rsync. Rsnapshot leverages the power of <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/rsync">rsync </a>to create scheduled, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/backup_scripting">incremental backups</a>.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWfsEhOQkTxLGP5TwWgjpX1PaZxwMFo8N3RjRTzvxoWizg5eM5IgLqOB-v1CyRZbY7np70uK0ZkpFC-RseMrGOugIYBWGOv2-H06ocpFnaqBb3Itz1pJcTneFlRhBNqBAm0PBrmMqRAtU1/s1600/How+To+Install+Rsnapshot_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWfsEhOQkTxLGP5TwWgjpX1PaZxwMFo8N3RjRTzvxoWizg5eM5IgLqOB-v1CyRZbY7np70uK0ZkpFC-RseMrGOugIYBWGOv2-H06ocpFnaqBb3Itz1pJcTneFlRhBNqBAm0PBrmMqRAtU1/s1600/How+To+Install+Rsnapshot_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This procedure will demonstrate how to create local backups, as well as how to use another cloud server or your home computer as backup space. To complete the procedures in this tutorial, you will need to be logged in as root or preface all commands with "sudo".</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">To install rsnapshot through yum we need to install and enable third-party repository called <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/EPEL">EPEL</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>RHEL/CentOS 7 64 Bit</u></b></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># rpm -ivh epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>RHEL/CentOS 6 32 bit</u></b></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>RHEL/CentOS 6 64-Bit</u></b></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">After installation EPEL Repository use the following yum command to install rsnapshot.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># yum install rsnapshot</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Configuring Rsnapshot</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now open <b>rsnapshot.conf</b> file with vi or nano editor.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;"># vi /etc/rsnapshot.conf</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Next create a backup directory, where you want to store backup of your important data. In my case I will create my backup directory called <b>"/home/backup/"</b>. Search following line in <b>/etc/rsnapshot.conf</b> and add following parameter to set where you want to store all your important data as backup.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">snapshot_root                           /home/backup/</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Also uncomment the"<b>cmd_ssh</b>" line to allow to take remote backups over SSH.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">cmd_ssh                                  /usr/bin/ssh</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Next step is that, you need to decide how many old backups you would like to keep.This will take backup every six hours on a day but you can set your own schedule as per your requirements such as hourly, daily, weekly and monthly basis.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 18.5714px;">#           BACKUP INTERVALS            #

# Must be unique and in ascending order #

# i.e. hourly, daily, weekly, etc.      #

#########################################

interval        hourly  6

interval        daily   7

interval        weekly  4

interval        monthly 3</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Backup Local Directories</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If you want backup your directories locally to the same machine then follow the steps.  If you want take a backup from windows client then first you need to mount directory in Linux machine.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">backup             /hackthesec/                    localhost/

backup             /etc/                           localhost/</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Backup Remote Directories</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If you want to backup up remote server directories then you need to follow the easy steps. I am taking a backup of my remote server "/home" directory under "/home/backup" directory on rsnapshot server.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">backup        root@example.com:/home/             /home/backup/</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Verify Rsnapshot Configuration</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 20.8px;"># rsnapshot configtest
# rsnapshot -t hourly</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal;"><b><u>
</u></b></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333;"><div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; text-decoration: underline;">
Automating the Process</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Now i will show you how to schedule our backup process. In Linux we use cron jobs in order to schedule task. By default, rsnapshot comes with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/cron">cron </a>file under "/etc/cron.d/rsnapshot", if it’s doesn’t exists create one and add the following lines to it. If rules already exist then you need to remove the "#" from of the scheduling section to enable these values.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, Courier New, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 18.5714px;"># This is a sample cron file for rsnapshot.
# The values used correspond to the examples in /etc/rsnapshot.conf.
# There you can also set the backup points and many other things.
#
# To activate this cron file you have to uncomment the lines below.
# Feel free to adapt it to your needs.
0 */4 * * * root /usr/bin/rsnapshot hourly
 
30 3 * * * root /usr/bin/rsnapshot daily
 
0 3 * * 1 root /usr/bin/rsnapshot weekly
 
30 2 1 * * root /usr/bin/rsnapshot monthly</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></pre>
</div>
</span></div>
</div>

How to install and configure rsnapshot on RHEL/Centos 6/7

Install and configure rsnapshot on RHEL/Centos 6/7 This tutorial will describe how to set up and use rsnapshot , a remote backup soluti...

How to Install DHCP on CentOs 7 / RHEL 7

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<u><span style="color: #990000;">Install DHCP on CentOs 7 / RHEL 7</span></u></h2>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">DHCP Stands for Dynamic Host Configurations Protocol that is used to dynamically assign IP Addresses to Clients, on every device attached on network requires an IP Address to communicate with other devices.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwM0cqK_On4Fw5aALAdxXbLEqFv3ITWtmXz-nC8IzpJJzL9oQ4S1qqWw8pllK843ZkpVy75fsrydsQw2TKDJuGjaK3xegwFAVnxedm33R5z2egWcmhW2DzqO-h31rqNGAUhhLGP2h3oOen/s1600/dhcp_server_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwM0cqK_On4Fw5aALAdxXbLEqFv3ITWtmXz-nC8IzpJJzL9oQ4S1qqWw8pllK843ZkpVy75fsrydsQw2TKDJuGjaK3xegwFAVnxedm33R5z2egWcmhW2DzqO-h31rqNGAUhhLGP2h3oOen/s1600/dhcp_server_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If you notice when you connect to a network and you get an IP address automatically that is given by <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/DHCP-Server">DHCP Server</a>.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step – 1</span></u></b></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
Open the terminal window and install DHCP package using yum command.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">yum install dhcp -y</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step - 2</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Edit the configuration file.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">vi /etc/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Copy and paste below code into '<b>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</b>' file, and change according to your desired settings.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.42857;"># DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example
# see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
#
# Option definitions common to all supported networks
# Specify domain name
option domain-name “hackthesec.co.in”;
# Specify name server’s hostname or IP address
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
# Default lease time
default-lease-time 600;
# Max lease time
max-lease-time 7200;
# This DHCP server Authoritative server in the Network.
authoritative;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {# Specify the range of lease IP address
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.100;
# Specify broadcast address
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
# Specify default gateway
option routers 192.168.1.1;
}</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; white-space: normal;">
</span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now Save and Exit the file.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">:wq</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step - 3</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now its time to Enable and start the DHCP Service.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">systemctl enable dhcpd</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">systemctl start dhcpd</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If you didn’t miss anything clients machines on your network now able to get automatic ip addresses from your DHCP server.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
So, setup your client machine on "Obtain an IP Address Automatically" it should get an automatic ip addresses from the specified range in the <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/DHCP">DHCP </a>server.</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
</div>
</div>

How to Install DHCP on CentOs 7 / RHEL 7

Install DHCP on CentOs 7 / RHEL 7 DHCP Stands for Dynamic Host Configurations Protocol that is used to dynamically assign IP Addresses ...

How to Install Firefox 45 on CentOS, Ubuntu & Other Linux

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<u><span style="color: #990000;">Install Firefox 45 on CentOS, Ubuntu & Other Linux</span></u></h2>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Firefox 45 Released for systems and Android on March 8, 2016 with various bug fixes and updates. Below is the list of few changes which is made in this release of firefox. Read more details about this <a href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/45.0/releasenotes/">release </a>of Firefox.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDnbSJDg6HrWLxEFFQni50CScnZkEBSeA2HV-P21QIhcT8w_W0IxXZ4KjMmBHsnaf_WXm0nbwwE3LSarTUDgKJBzbTKDasdGekED9gUxo2F32Qfx_XEbFLbWeP0xoYIw5F0LZZw5IIWD_y/s1600/firefox_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDnbSJDg6HrWLxEFFQni50CScnZkEBSeA2HV-P21QIhcT8w_W0IxXZ4KjMmBHsnaf_WXm0nbwwE3LSarTUDgKJBzbTKDasdGekED9gUxo2F32Qfx_XEbFLbWeP0xoYIw5F0LZZw5IIWD_y/s1600/firefox_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">This article will help you to install Firefox 45 on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos">CentOS</a>, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL">Red Hat</a>, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Debian">Debian</a>, CloudLinux Linux and other <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Linux%20Tutorial">Linux operating systems</a>. </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>1. Remove Existing Version’s</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">First remove any existing version of Firefox from your system if installed using rpm. Red Hat based system use following command.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"># yum remove firefox
  [OR]
$ sudo apt-get remove firefox</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Downloading Latest Firefox Archive</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #222222;">
Download the latest Firefox archive from <a href="http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/latest/linux-i686/en-US/">here (32 bit)</a> and <a href="http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/latest/linux-x86_64/en-US/">here (64 bit)</a>. At the time of last update of this article Firefox 45 is the latest version available. Download Firefox 45 source code as per your system architecture using one of following commands.</div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>32-Bit Systems</u></b></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 26px;">
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"># cd /usr/local
# wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/45.0/linux-i686/en-US/firefox-45.0.tar.bz2</span></pre>
</div>
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>64-Bit Systems</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"># cd /usr/local
# wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/45.0/linux-x86_64/en-US/firefox-45.0.tar.bz2</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">3. Extract Archive on System</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-size: 15px;">
After downloading latest version of Firefox archive on your system, let’s extract is using following command.</div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"># tar xvjf firefox-45.0.tar.bz2</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">4. Configure Firefox</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-size: 15px;">
Firefox source is completely pre compiled and we don’t have to do anything to make it running on system. We just need to create a soft-link of Firefox binary file to systems bin directory to make it accessible from anywhere in system.</div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/firefox/firefox /usr/bin/firefox</span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now start Firefox using following command from Linux terminal. You may also use GUI menu to start Firefox on your system</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"> # firefox &</span></pre>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: white; font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></pre>
</div>
</div>

How to Install Firefox 45 on CentOS, Ubuntu & Other Linux

Install Firefox 45 on CentOS, Ubuntu & Other Linux Firefox 45 Released for systems and Android on March 8, 2016 with various bug fix...

How to install webmin on CentOS/Redhat 7

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="title single-title title20" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-size: 24px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.24s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;">
<u><span style="color: #990000;">Install webmin on CentOS 7</span></u></h2>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/webmin">Webmin</a> is a web-based interface for system administration for Unix. Using any modern web browser, you can setup user accounts, Apache, DNS, file sharing and much more. Webmin removes the need to manually edit Unix configuration files like /etc/passwd, and lets you manage a system from the console or remotely. See the s<a href="http://www.webmin.com/standard.html">tandard modules</a> page for a list of all the functions built into Webmin</span></span></div>
<div>
<ul style="background-color: white;">
<li style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-usermin-on-centos.html"><span style="font-size: large;">How to Install Usermin On Linux</span></a></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-webmin-on-centos-6.html">How to install webmin on centos 6</a></span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>INSTALLATION STEPS:-</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Step-1: </u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">mkdir /download
cd /download</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step-2:</span></u></b><span style="color: #222222;"> Download the rpm file from <a href="http://webmin.com/">webmin.com</a></span></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">wget </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin-1.791-1.src.rpm</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Once you finish download make sure you have perl package installed, as webmin is a perl application it will check the package when initial installation process begin if it is there it will continue so let’s install perl packages first.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">yum -y install perl perl-Net-SSLeay openssl perl-IO-Tty</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step-3:</span></u></b><span style="color: #222222;"> Now install webmin from '.rpm' file we downloaded.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">rpm -ivUh </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">webmin-1.791-1.src.rpm</span></pre>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u>Method-2: How to Install webmin using Yum Command.</u></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Another way to install webmin on your <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos">CentOS</a> 7 Box using Yum Command, since webmin is not in CentOS default Repositories, we have to create webmin repository before installation.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step-1:</span></u></b> Frist step is to create the repository file.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">vi /etc/yum.repos.d/webmin.repo</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Copy and paste the below code into the file.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">[Webmin]
name=Webmin Distribution Neutral
#baseurl=http://download.webmin.com/download/yum
mirrorlist=http://download.webmin.com/download/yum/mirrorlist
enabled=1</pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Save and exit.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step-2:</span></u></b><span style="color: #222222;"> Now download the GPG key using the below command.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Import the GPG Key</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">rpm –import jcameron-key.asc</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step-3:</span></u></b><span style="color: #222222;"> Finally you can install the webmin using Yum command.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">yum install webmin –y</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Now open <b>http://serverip:10000</b> in your browser, you could see the below screen after login ( Use root username and password ).</span></span></div>
<div>
<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizudnF5XbG8-xiAO9rt-OQYS8oQCQJ5B_SIsx-apcSksTewahdIeRULIOfuoTY_rpiFC5n8H6xhg8jBjJyCLfy9oUgXgiH9x9snAl7gxB3bNUZaolkfRvNKnXlcWXBgFzkkgCErVgBUnMF/s640/webmin_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></div>
<div>
<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhea7QjVvwiIdl_-oS5mhbo60n5KhIh5XtfFDlOv0Fz8znuzoJId6qafnlIwv5WfrDPSs9kJkd4z3ISzNfX_mCtXsbXznnRjXeUS8Ntya4dQdOo6ZyYHTMZ5c67Y_SfvSB2tAXt8557eVTd/s640/webmin_useradmin_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
</div>

How to install webmin on CentOS/Redhat 7

Install webmin on CentOS 7 Webmin is a web-based interface for system administration for Unix. Using any modern web browser, you can se...

How to Configure Apache 2 to Control Browser Caching

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<h1 class="entry-title" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: proxima-nova, sans-serif; line-height: 3.4rem; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Configure Apache 2 to Control Browser Caching</u></span></h1>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">In computing, a cache is a component that stores data so future requests for that data can be served faster; the data stored in a cache might be the result of an earlier computation, or the duplicate of data stored elsewhere. A cache hit occurs when the requested data can be found in a cache, while a cache miss occurs when it cannot. Cache hits are served by reading data from the cache, which is faster than recomputing a result or reading from a slower data store; thus, the more requests can be served from the cache, the faster the system performs</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGE0vFboU1RDlM2PymdSZ-OcIBmeu9LR2NYStOGsALIanAfrMFGIm5dH2H6qspA3FbDxvdiA11sZuVlASLc-HdtoGAdz5umTyNhUDcCUX0xPQt1qT_rBqD-LbBWymn4wm9sKududWUrk2W/s1600/HTTP-caching-last-modified_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGE0vFboU1RDlM2PymdSZ-OcIBmeu9LR2NYStOGsALIanAfrMFGIm5dH2H6qspA3FbDxvdiA11sZuVlASLc-HdtoGAdz5umTyNhUDcCUX0xPQt1qT_rBqD-LbBWymn4wm9sKududWUrk2W/s1600/HTTP-caching-last-modified_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Caching, as it pertains to hosting a website, is the temporary storage of content. This content could be images, files, bits of <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/PHP">PHP</a> scripts that are precompiled, HTML pages, results of database queries, and other web objects.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><div>
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step #1: Verify Modules</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #222222;">
Apache must be configured with the appropriate modules to leverage browser caching.</div>
<div style="color: #222222;">
Let’s check for mod_expires (expires_module) first:</div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">apachectl -M | grep expires</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">should return:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">expires_module (shared)</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Then let’s check for mod_headers (headers_module):</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">apachectl -M | grep headers</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">should return:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">headers_module (shared)</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><b><u>Step #2: Examples of Directives</u></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">This code can be placed in the <b>.htaccess</b> files for specific directories, or in your root web directory, but we suggest placing it in your <b>httpd.conf</b>.</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;"><IfModule mod_expires.c>
# Turn on the module.
ExpiresActive on
# Set the default expiry times.
ExpiresDefault "access plus 2 days"
ExpiresByType image/jpg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType text/css "now plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/ico "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 600 seconds"
</IfModule></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The default expiration (ExpiresDefault) is set to 2 days.</li>
<li>Images expire after 1 month.</li>
<li>CSS and JavaScript also expire after 1 month.</li>
<li>HTML expires after 10 minutes (600 seconds).</li>
</ul>
</div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><div style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Step #3: Implement Directives</span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
The above directives can be implemented easily. If you’re not already, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH">SSH</a> into your server as root. Then edit the <b>httpd.conf</b> file..</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</span></span></pre>
</div>
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Find a section that looks like this:</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;"># Further relax access to the default document root:
<Directory "/var/www/html"></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><div style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
The section above (in this case) is the default document root. Add the expiration directives between <b><Directory “/var/www/html”> and </Directory>.</b></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">
<b><u>Then restart Apache</u></b></div>
<div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 15.6px;">systemctl restart httpd</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Full details for mod_expires can be found in the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_expires.html">Apache Documentation</a>.</span></span></div>
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
</div>

How to Configure Apache 2 to Control Browser Caching

Configure Apache 2 to Control Browser Caching In computing, a cache is a component that stores data so future requests for that data can...

How to set gurb2 password in RHEL7/Centos7

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<h1 class="entry-title" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; line-height: 50px; margin: 0px 0px 7px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><u>Set Gurb2 Password In Linux</u></span></h1>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
How to reset the root password but its security vulnerable to Linux.Anyone who have physical access to system can easily reset the root password. So we can avoid it by using the setting up of the grub password.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px;">
To set the grub password we set <b>superuser</b> name and password in grub configuration file.</div>
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For this we have to modify the <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">grub2.conf</strong> file in <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">/etc/</strong> directory</div>
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<span style="color: #222222;">firstly we have to create a password by using </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: red;">grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</span></b></span><b style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;"> </b><span style="color: #222222;">command copy the password and enter password twice as follows</span></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: white; line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</span></span></span></pre>
<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">Enter password:

Reenter password:

PBKDF2 hash of your password is: grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.19074739ED80F115963D984BDCB35AA671C24325755377C3E9B014D862DA6ACC77BC110EED41822800A87FD3700C037320E51E9326188D53247EC0722DDF15FC.C56EC0738911AD86CEA55546139FEBC366A393DF9785A8F44D3E51BF09DB980BAFEF85281CBBC56778D8B19DC94833EA8342F7D73E3A1AA30B205091F1015A85</pre>
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<span style="color: #222222;">Then open </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">/etc/grub2.conf</b></span><span style="color: #222222;"> file and locate </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###</b></span></div>
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section type the code as follows here I used the username is <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">root</strong> that is our choice</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">set superusers "root"</b></span><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">export superusers</b></div>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"></b></div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">password_ pbkdf2 root</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"></b></span></div>
<pre class="xtypo_info" style="background: url("assets/shadow.png") 50% 100% repeat-x rgb(245, 245, 245); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 9.5px; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.19074739ED80F115963D984BDCB35AA671C24325755377C3E9B014D862DA6ACC77BC110EED41822800A87FD3700C037320E51E9326188D53247EC0722DDF15FC.C56EC0738911AD86CEA55546139FEBC366A393DF9785A8F44D3E51BF09DB980BAFEF85281CBBC56778D8B19DC94833EA8342F7D73E3A1AA30B205091F1015A85</pre>
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<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;">T</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;">hat’s It, Now You can reboot and </strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">Press "e" on Grub Menu</b></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222;">, It will ask you for the password.</strong></b></div>
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How to set gurb2 password in RHEL7/Centos7

Set Gurb2 Password In Linux How to reset the root password but its security vulnerable to Linux.Anyone who have physical access to syst...

How To Setup SSH Keys

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<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.1; margin: 21px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><u>Setup SSH Keys</u></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">SSH keys are by far the most secure way of logging into your cloud server via SSH. Passwords can be eventually cracked using brute-force attacks if they are too easy. If they are complex passwords, they become very hard to remember and writing them down defeats the purpose of a password.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;"><b>SSH </b>keys are nearly impossible to decipher using a brute force attack. If you generate an <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH">SSH key</a>, you will get a pair of two very long string of characters: a public and private key.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">Public keys are stored on the server that you’re trying to login to, the only possible tool which could unlock this public key is the private key which will be stored with you. SSH uses this to verify your identity by making sure that your private key can unlock the public key installed on the server.</span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Create the <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH">SSH</a> key pairs</span></u></b></div>
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The first step is to generate the combination of the public and private key. This can easily be done by opening a terminal window on the machine you will be using to access the remote server (most likely your own workstation).</div>
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In this example, we will be using RSA keys. The default values should be the correct ones, so you can simply just press enter to accept the default values. However, you may choose to add a passphrase for additional protection.</div>
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The passphrase is a password which unlocks your private key, which means that in order for someone to gain access, they must have both the private key and your passphrase. You can opt to not using a passphrase if you do not want to type a password each time.</div>
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<span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# ssh-keygen -t rsa</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">Generating public/private rsa key pair.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa): test</span></span></div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
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<span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">Your identification has been saved in /Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">Enter same passphrase again:
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<span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">Your public key has been saved in /Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">As you see by the results of the command, we now have an <b>id_rsa</b> and <b>id_rsa.pub</b> file which contain your private and public key respectively. We can now distribute this public key to servers where we would like to use public key authentication.</span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Installing Public Key</span></u></b></div>
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The SSH software stack comes with a useful little program called ssh-copy-id which facilitates the installation of <b>SSH keys</b> on your target server. All you have to do is run the following, replacing user and host by the appropriate information for your remote host.</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span><span style="line-height: 15.6px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">ssh-copy-id</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> user@host</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">If your operating system does not have that command included, you can run the following command instead. If you get an error about your<b> .ssh</b> folder not existing, you should login to your server and create that folder by running <b>mkdir ~/.ssh.</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">[root@hackthesec]# </span></span><span style="line-height: 15.6px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">cat /Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> | ssh user@host "cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px;">From now on, you can SSH to the server and you will note that your server will not ask for any passwords at all. The only thing it may ask for is your passphrase if you have configured one for your private key.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
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How To Setup SSH Keys

Setup SSH Keys SSH keys are by far the most secure way of logging into your cloud server via SSH. Passwords can be eventually cracked u...