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How to install Kali Linux on the Windows

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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Kali-Linux On Windows</span></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">No, really…this isn't clickbait. For the past few weeks, we’ve been working with the Microsoft WSL team to get Kali Linux introduced into the Microsoft App Store as an official WSL distribution and today we’re happy to </span><a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2018/03/05/kali-linux-for-wsl/" style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">announce </a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">the availability of the "Kali Linux" Windows application. For Windows 10 users, this means you can simply enable WSL, </span><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/store/p/kali-linux/9pkr34tncv07" style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">search for Kali</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> in the Windows store, and install it with a single click. This is especially exciting news for penetration testers and security professionals who have limited toolsets due to enterprise compliance standards.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9xYpiTa8ZfnbBhjjAIX2qo6e8J8vN6eyKuLPIJahICG9MD3BTioT5QLiO0lmreER2-0sfWQOXQP1r8q4D61DUBU4FGK0FUOky-6d6Qdc2qv9TzcVfb6-32Qb54egR3IK-VQtRW41GVdI/s1600/kali-windows-app-2018-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="284" data-original-width="798" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9xYpiTa8ZfnbBhjjAIX2qo6e8J8vN6eyKuLPIJahICG9MD3BTioT5QLiO0lmreER2-0sfWQOXQP1r8q4D61DUBU4FGK0FUOky-6d6Qdc2qv9TzcVfb6-32Qb54egR3IK-VQtRW41GVdI/s1600/kali-windows-app-2018-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">While running Kali on Windows has a few drawbacks to running it natively (such as the lack of raw socket support), it does bring in some very interesting possibilities, such as extending your security toolkit to include a whole bunch of command line tools that are present in Kali. We will update our blog with more news and updates regarding the development of this app as it’s released.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">We’d like to take this opportunity to thank the WSL team at Microsoft, and specifically @tara_msft and @benhillis for all the assistance and guidance with which this feat would not be possible. We hope you enjoy WSL’d Kali on Windows 10!</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">And now, a quick guide on getting Kali installed from the Microsoft App Store:</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u><b>Getting Kali Linux Installed on WSL</b></u></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Here’s a quick description of the setup and installation process. For an easier copy / paste operation, these are the basic steps taken:</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">1. Update your Windows 10 machine. Open an administrative PowerShell window and install the Windows Subsystem with this one-liner. A reboot will be required once finished.</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">2. Once rebooted, open the Windows App store and search for the "Kali Linux" application, or alternatively click here to go there directly. Install the app and enjoy Kali!</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b><u>Updating Kali Linux on WSL</u></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Updating Kali Linux on WSL is no different from any other instance of Kali:</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade</span></span></pre>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Here’s a quick video of the process:</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b><u>Installing Penetration Testing tools on Kali</u></b></span></span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif;"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Installing tools from the Kali Linux repository is usually done via apt commands. For example, to install the Metasploit Framework, you can simply:</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">apt-get update
apt-get install metasploit-framework</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b>Note:</b> Some Kali tools are identified by antivirus software as malware. One way to deal with this situation is to allow antivirus exceptions on the directory in which the Kali chroot resides in. The following video walks you through this process:</span></span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/258892544?portrait=0&color=00adef" style="border-style: none; border-width: initial; box-sizing: border-box; height: 448.875px; left: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 798px;" webkitallowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Recovering from a failed Kali WSL instance</span></span><span style="font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif;"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px;"></span></span></span></u></b></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Sometimes, you can inadvertently kill your Kali WSL instance, due to an overzealous command, an unintentional action, or even due to Kali or WSL bugs. If this happens, here is a quick recovery guide to get back on top of things. Note: this process will wipe your Kali WSL chroot, and re-extract a new copy. Any changes made to the filesystem will be gone, and reset to default.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><b><u>Food for thought</u></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">The availability of the Kali Linux platform and toolset on Windows 10 brings with it many exciting possibilities which we havent even begun to grasp – here’s one example that got us scratching our heads. While not officially supported by WSL yet, we’ve tested running a desktop manager such as XFCE on WSL’d Kali…and it seems to work quite well:</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Main Source - </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><a href="https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-in-the-windows-app-store/">https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-in-the-windows-app-store/</a></span></span><br />
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How to install Kali Linux on the Windows

Kali-Linux On Windows No, really…this isn't clickbait. For the past few weeks, we’ve been working with the Microsoft WSL team to get ...

How to find files containing specific text in Linux

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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><u>Find files containing specific text in Linux</u></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u>Find files containing specific text using grep command</u></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search a regular expression and print), which has the same effect: doing a global search with the regular expression and printing all matching lines. Grep was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSfa5gfpg7IHq5mo4T7SHu_Cl3baveLg-xsoRu3kxODgKyT2LN2J7nwZThgySbn7tR5rogvXIbYnjg4nDea8sLQazM9oEpGHniruu0_fTDG58SasIVf0NZWEmjyQ9w9UtlcmquEhNQRA/s1600/find-command-in-linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmSfa5gfpg7IHq5mo4T7SHu_Cl3baveLg-xsoRu3kxODgKyT2LN2J7nwZThgySbn7tR5rogvXIbYnjg4nDea8sLQazM9oEpGHniruu0_fTDG58SasIVf0NZWEmjyQ9w9UtlcmquEhNQRA/s1600/find-command-in-linux-hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u><b>grep command syntax</b></u></span></span><br />
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">grep "text string to search” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">grep [option] "text string to search” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">grep -r "text string to search” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">grep -r -H "text string to search” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">egrep -R "word-1|word-2” directory-path</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">egrep -w -R "word-1|word-2” directory-path</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u>Find files containing specific text using grep command examples</u></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #993300; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In this example, we will search for 'PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START' in all configuration files located in /etc directory.</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Now there's a small problem, depending on your Linux distro, Find command Syntax can be slightly different.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">*If you know the exact location and directory you're after, then use</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/pulseaudio 
PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space: normal;">
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">*If you know the exact directory with the files containing that specific text, then use</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
grep: /etc/default/kdm.d: Is a directory
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space: normal;">
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If you don't know the exact location of the file that contains the specific text you’re looking for, then you need to search all sub-directories recursively.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -r "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -R "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #333333;">Now what if you are searching through a massive file and there might be many outputs similar to what you’re looking for.. you might want to use </span><span style="color: red;">--col</span><span style="color: #333333;"> flag to color code your output which searching files containing specific strings.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep --col 'usb 1-1.4' /var/log/messages
Apr 4 09:14:25 kali kernel: [1191164.780496] usb 1-1.4: new low-speed USB device number 21 using ehci-pci
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Now I want to display all files with colorer output with containing specific text and instead of showing the whole content of the files</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep --col -r 'Linux version 3.14-kali1' /var/log/* | cut -d: -f1
/var/log/dmesg
/var/log/dmesg.0
/var/log/installer/syslog
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">When you're using grep, depending on the commands used and permission you have on the system, you might see any of the following errors.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* Input/output error</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* recursive directory loop</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* No such file or directory</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* No such device or address</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">* Permission denied</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #333333;">If you want to hide all errors or warning message spamming your output window(specifically useful when you're trying to use grep on a script) generated by the grep command, </span><span style="color: red;">append 2>/dev/null</span><span style="color: #333333;"> to grep command. This will send and hide unwanted output to </span><span style="color: red;">/dev/null</span><span style="color: #333333;"> device:</span></span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -R "PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" /etc/* 2>/dev/null 
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
/etc/init.d/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/init.d/pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc0.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc0.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc1.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc1.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc2.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc2.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc3.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc3.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc4.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc4.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc5.d/S20pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc5.d/S20pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
/etc/rc6.d/K01pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=0
/etc/rc6.d/K01pulseaudio:if [ "$PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START" != "1" ]; then
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><div>
What if you're not sure about the case of the text you're after? You can use -i to ignore case.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Below example shows the difference between -i flag. First command didn’t find the text, second command did as we used -i flag to ignore case.</div>
</span></span></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><span style="color: white; font-family: monospace, serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">root@hackthesec:~# grep -r "pulseaudio_system_start" /etc/default/*
root@hackthesec:~# 
root@hackthesec:~# grep -i  -r "pulseaudio_system_start" /etc/default/*
/etc/default/pulseaudio:PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
root@hackthesec:~#</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #333333;">I always prefer using grep command </span><span style="color: red;">with -r and --col flag in Debian Linux as -r complains less about permissions</span><span style="color: #333333;">, files, directory etc. and of course some color helps on the eyes when you’re browsing through many lines.</span></span></span></div>
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How to find files containing specific text in Linux

Find files containing specific text in Linux Find files containing specific text using grep command grep is a command-line utility for ...