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How to Install LEMP Stack on Debian 9

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Install LEMP Stack on Debian 9</div>
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Today we are going to guide you install LEMP stack to brand new Debian GNU/Linux 9 Stretch. <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/LEMP">LEMP</a> stands for Linux, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/NGINX">Nginx </a>(as in Engine X), MySQL and PHP. From Debian 9, <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/MariaDB">Mariadb</a> is the default mysql server. But you can also choose <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Mysql">mysql</a> for installation. It is the counterpart of more popular LAMP stack except instead of Apache httpd we use nginx. Earlier we have tried LEMP stack on Ubuntu and docker container.  
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg_CyZ2-sqaQ5zeqH6JsLUMcrlZhFxzGRc4-5qXc-zZ4ME2BNzx1EM_rKnNCfr3RsjuKfAEKXP23KNH8bvXNA7loj4U5OLKY70uZxVjad0ZRjH0DwLC9PETejcnlyZL0rY1uIxcLrXvh4/s1600/Debian9_LAMP.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="341" data-original-width="713" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg_CyZ2-sqaQ5zeqH6JsLUMcrlZhFxzGRc4-5qXc-zZ4ME2BNzx1EM_rKnNCfr3RsjuKfAEKXP23KNH8bvXNA7loj4U5OLKY70uZxVjad0ZRjH0DwLC9PETejcnlyZL0rY1uIxcLrXvh4/s1600/Debian9_LAMP.png" /></a></div>
 
Installing Nginx, Mariadb and PHP 
 
Installation of nginx, MariaDB and PHP by bellow command line from bash terminal  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">apt install nginx mysql-server mysql-client php-fpm php-mysql libfcgi0ldbl</pre>
Now start all needed services with systemd and enable them to start at boot 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># systemctl start php7.0-fpm nginx mysql
# systemctl enable php7.0-fpm nginx mysql</pre>
Configuring LEMP Stack 
 
Now Configure the mysql through bellow command line and use "y" for every question and set the mysql root password.  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">mysql_secure_installation</pre>
Now you need to bind socket for fastcgi through bellow command line  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">cgi-fcgi -bind -connect /run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock</pre>
Now we are going to configure sites in nginx configuration folder. First we move default config as backup for security purpose 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">mv /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/df.bk</pre>
After that we will make our own configuration file by bellow command line 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default</pre>
After that paste the bellow lines on the "default" empty file  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"> server {
 listen 80 default_server;
 listen [::]:80 default_server;
 root /var/www/html;
 index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

server_name _;
        location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        }

location ~ \.php$ {
 include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
 fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
 }
}</pre>
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Now make a index.php file in /var/www/html/ by bellow command line 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/html/index.php</pre>
Now check the mysql is working properly or not. First create a database user and password also a database on the mysql by follow command line  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">mysql -u root -e "CREATE USER 'hackthesec'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'test@123';"

mysql -u root -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'hackthesec'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION"</pre>
To check the mysql is working or not use the following command 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">nano /var/www/html/db.php</pre>
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"><?php
$dbh = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'hackthesec', 'test@123');
if (!$dbh) {
die('Could not connect: ' . mysqli_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysqli_close($dbh);
?></pre>
 
Now reboot the system or restart the services .. 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">systemctl restart php7.0-fpm nginx mysql</pre>
Now open your web browser and hit your web server ip you will see the bellow test page. 
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhog28ZsH9WCt0c57LCs99DOYAVXK9Q1py5BYGxBE_h4X_iJwRdJXq42WHOHT4xMvDvK4roIC0UsGHeS2uDNHpBfAORRVKQG8N5LcDZZf_RxOdfw1p5UJxx7XXwr4GRfl9U8ODB4w48ga4/s1600/LAMP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="855" data-original-width="1114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhog28ZsH9WCt0c57LCs99DOYAVXK9Q1py5BYGxBE_h4X_iJwRdJXq42WHOHT4xMvDvK4roIC0UsGHeS2uDNHpBfAORRVKQG8N5LcDZZf_RxOdfw1p5UJxx7XXwr4GRfl9U8ODB4w48ga4/s1600/LAMP.jpg" /></a></div>
Allow lamp on firewall through bellow commands  
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">ufw allow 3306/tcp
ufw allow 80/tcp
ufw allow 443/tcp (allow if you use https)</pre>
 
@Hackthesec</div>

How to Install LEMP Stack on Debian 9

Install LEMP Stack on Debian 9 Today we are going to guide you install LEMP stack to brand new Debian GNU/Linux 9 Stretch. LEMP stan...

Magnus Open Source VOIP Softswitch And Billing

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VOIP Softswitch And Billing Portal</div>
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MagnusBilling is a VoIP Billing server system that brings together the best IP billing telephony software in the market, creating a comprehensive, flexible and superior tool. MagnusBilling was made for companies that need freedom to build their own VoIP server.  
 
You will be able to chose your termination, giving your business larger flexibility and autonomy. 
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8eMX5CtlAhfk9uyEIR0JEcJwOtUWuTzCVTFE_fypN1eDzL76jrmUr1qsZiXhtSc6pcsKP7sTAgJcymqJQAFrw1mGWFRaKaPY7l04jyiGNlAFYKxbFJmXmoYYeg96GSsSGM2uih4H-UbA/s1600/magnusbilling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="647" data-original-width="1349" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8eMX5CtlAhfk9uyEIR0JEcJwOtUWuTzCVTFE_fypN1eDzL76jrmUr1qsZiXhtSc6pcsKP7sTAgJcymqJQAFrw1mGWFRaKaPY7l04jyiGNlAFYKxbFJmXmoYYeg96GSsSGM2uih4H-UbA/s1600/magnusbilling.jpg" /></a></div>
 
MagnusBilling is a free billing OpenSource to Asterisk. 
 
Features of magnusbilling 
 
Softswitch class 4 & 5 
Voice broadcasting 
CallingCard 
DID Management 
SMS sending 
CallShop 
CidCallBack 
0800Web 
IVR 
Call queue 
 
Integrated with asterisk 
 
Many More : - https://www.magnusbilling.com/wiki 
 
How to install it ================= 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">cd /usr/src
yum -y install wget
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/magnusbilling/install.sh
chmod +x install.sh
./install.sh</pre>
 
WARNING!! THE SERVER WILL BE REBOOTED AFTER THE INSTALL!! 
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, Raleway, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
MagnusBilling's dashboard: <a href="http://your_ip/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 400ms, background-color 400ms;">http://your_ip/</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, Raleway, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Default user: root</div>
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Default password: magnus</div>
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Remember to change the root's password!!!</div>
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Magnus Open Source VOIP Softswitch And Billing

VOIP Softswitch And Billing Portal MagnusBilling is a VoIP Billing server system that brings together the best IP billing telephony sof...

How-to extend a root LVM partition online

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Extend a root LVM partition online</div>
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There is also a quick remedy for the emergency situation when your root partition runs out of disk space. There is a feature specific to ext3 and ext4 that can help the goal of resolving the full disk situation. Unless explicitly changed during filesystem creation, both by default reserve five percent (5%) of a volume capacity to the superuser (root). 
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg49p9cF_CO5MMzNQBEy_f-AZhdR8y3PPuMATkF7r864Qhex6kGRF8DAdINHqjKC0ToWJLtwK5U12uv00fgXqGrVtCrftGyoa6Ny0c45fpMIAY2mEJkkMlgEQARGDMTeIXE7dmvlWlL0Ww/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="639" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg49p9cF_CO5MMzNQBEy_f-AZhdR8y3PPuMATkF7r864Qhex6kGRF8DAdINHqjKC0ToWJLtwK5U12uv00fgXqGrVtCrftGyoa6Ny0c45fpMIAY2mEJkkMlgEQARGDMTeIXE7dmvlWlL0Ww/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" /></a></div>
 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_main-lv_root
 ext4 8.4G 8.0G 952K 100% /
tmpfs tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 ext4 485M 33M 428M 8% /boot

# dumpe2fs /dev/vg_main/lv_root | grep 'Reserved block count'
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Reserved block count: 111513</pre>
It turned out 111513 of 4KB blocks were reserved for the superuser, which was exactly five percent of the volume capacity. 
 
How to enable it? 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># tune2fs -m 0 /dev/vg_main/lv_root 
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Setting reserved blocks percentage to 0% (0 blocks)
# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_main-lv_root
 ext4 8.4G 8.0G 437M 95% /
tmpfs tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 ext4 485M 33M 428M 8% /boot</pre>
 
Now that we have some free space on the root partition to work on we can extend the LVM partition: 
 
 
Create a new partition of appropriate size using fdisk 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">fdisk /dev/sdb1</pre>
 
This is a key sequence on the keyboard to create a new LVM type (8e) partition: 
 
n, p, 1, enter (accept default first sector), enter (accept default last sector), t, 8e, w 
 
 
Create a new Physical Volume 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># pvcreate /dev/sdb1
 Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb1"
 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created</pre>
Extend a Volume Group 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># vgextend vg_main /dev/sdb1
 Volume group "vg_main" successfully extended</pre>
Extend your LVM 
 
 
- extend the size of your LVM by the amount of free space on PV 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># lvextend /dev/vg_main/lv_root /dev/sdb1
 Extending logical volume lv_root to 18.50 GiB
 Logical volume lv_root successfully resized</pre>
- or with a given size 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">lvextend -L +10G /dev/vg_main/lv_root</pre>
 
Finally resize the file system online 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;"># resize2fs /dev/vg_main/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_main/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_main/lv_root to 4850688 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_main/lv_root is now 4850688 blocks long.</pre>
Now we can set the reserved blocks back to the default percentage - 5% 
<pre style="background: rgb(68, 67, 65); border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; margin-top: 10px !important; overflow: auto; padding: 10px !important; width: auto !important; word-break: break-all;">tune2fs -m 5 /dev/mapper/vg_main-lv_root
Results:

# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_main-lv_root
 ext4 19G 8.0G 9.4G 46% /
tmpfs tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 ext4 485M 33M 428M 8% /boot</pre>
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How-to extend a root LVM partition online

Extend a root LVM partition online There is also a quick remedy for the emergency situation when your root partition runs out of disk s...