Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: ubuntu

How To Deploy a Hugo Site to Production with Git Hooks on Ubuntu 14.04

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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><u><i>Deploy a Hugo Site to Production with Git Hooks on Ubuntu</i></u></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Hugo is an open source static site generator. Static site generators build a web page the moment you’re creating or editing new content. It comes with a watch mode which automatically refreshes web pages when editing them. Hugo was started as a side project by Steve Francia and today its community has more than 165 contributions, 35 themes and thousands of users. The biggest advantage of using static is that the websites are incredibly fast especially when compared to sites that carry all the burden of a heavyweight content management system.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVj0jjZ5vB5_gji1LGruqcLJmNWshZ8sPw6nrMR7b1zLRvB8VLjqXA_VVwViOdyoDkReYoJPrClZUFhpQPdGhCcmAAAGFKNCzsyFb8cKwt4RK7wVWjFU0g4K0uzPcg6WoDLmAvb1SrEtGR/s1600/hugo_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVj0jjZ5vB5_gji1LGruqcLJmNWshZ8sPw6nrMR7b1zLRvB8VLjqXA_VVwViOdyoDkReYoJPrClZUFhpQPdGhCcmAAAGFKNCzsyFb8cKwt4RK7wVWjFU0g4K0uzPcg6WoDLmAvb1SrEtGR/s1600/hugo_www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Pre-requisites</u></span></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In order to deploy Hugo site on production, you must first setup your development server with Hugo on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/ubuntu-14.04" target="_blank">Ubuntu 14.04</a>. Then build a new production server with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a> 14.04 installed. Once you have access to both development and production servers, perform the following tasks to achieve your target deployment on Hugo Site with Git Hooks.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">SSH Key Authentication</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First of all we are going to setup a <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH" target="_blank">SSH </a>key authentication between development server (on which we have already installed Hugo) and the product server on which we will be setting up the production site with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/git" target="_blank">Git Hooks</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let’s run the command below to check if there’s already a key pair placed or not.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ ls ~/.ssh/id_rsa</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If it shows no such file on directory, run the command below to generate a new ssh key.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ ssh-keygen</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Choose the file where you wish to save the key other than the default location. Then use the command below to copy this key to your production server.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ ssh-copy-id ubuntu@production_server_ip </span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After providing the right user credentials you will see the following output.</span></span></div>
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<code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #c7254e; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">Number of key(s) added: 1</code></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now try logging into the machine, with:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />“ssh ‘ubuntu@12.23.55.21′”<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let’s run the command on your production server from the development server.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ ssh ubuntu@162.253.55.241 hostname</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Initial Git Repo Transfer</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In order to setup the ‘post-receive’ hook on the production server in the near future, we need to transfer an initial clone of our Hugo repository to the production server. To do this, first we will create a bare repository from our main Hugo repository in the ‘/tmp’ directory. Bare repository is a special ‘git’ repository with no working directory. So, to create this copy we will use the ‘git clone’ command using the ‘–enable’ option as shown.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ git clone --bare ~/hugo_web /tmp/hugo_web.git </span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then copy this bare repo to the home directory of your Production server user using the command as shown below.</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ scp -r /tmp/hugo_web.git ubuntu@prod-server_ip:</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Adding Git Remote For Production</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let’s add the git to the remote production server as a tracked remote repository using its bare repo. This will allow us to push new content to our production server easily.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now change your directory to Hugo website and then run the command to give name to the remote as ‘prod’ and specify the connection information and location to the bare repository on the remote system.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~$ cd hugo_web/</span>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web$ git remote add prod ubuntu@prod_server_ip:hugo_web.git</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Setup Production Server</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So far we have successfully configured our development server, now we are going to setup our production server by following some steps to install a few basic packages. Hugo installation then will create ‘post-receive’ script to deploy new content pushed to our repository.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Installing Packages on Production Server</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We need to install Git, Pygments and <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/NGINX" target="_blank">Nginx </a>server packages on our production server. The ‘Git’ software will be used to receive pushes and to execute our deployment script. Then we need to install ‘Pygments’ for syntaxt highlighting and ‘<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/NGINX" target="_blank">Nginx</a>’ as the web server that will make your contents available for the visitors.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let’s run the following command to update your Ubuntu server with the latest updates and patches.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then run this command to install ‘git’, ‘nginx’ and ‘python-pip’ packages.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ sudo apt-get install git nginx python-pip</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Press ‘Y’ key to proceed with the installation process. Once these packages are installed, execute the command below to install Pygments using ‘pip’ command.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The pakages have been installed. Now we can test if we have setup the remote repository correctly on our pre-prod development machine using the following command in the Hugo project directory.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web$ git ls-remote prod</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Installing Hugo on Production</u></span></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Run the following command to download the latest hugo package and then install using ‘<b>dpkg</b>’ command as shown in the image.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ wget https://github.com/spf13/hugo/releases/download/v0.15/hugo_0.15_amd64.deb</span>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ sudo dpkg -i hugo_0.15_amd64.deb</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For confirmation run the command below to check the version of your Hugo installation.</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now clone Hugo themes directly from Github into your home directory by executing the command below.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ git clone --recursive https://github.com/spf13/hugoThemes ~/themes</span></pre>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Nginx Configuration to Serve Production Files</span></u></span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here we will be configuring the Nginx <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Linux-Server" target="_blank">web server</a> to serve the files produced during the deployment. To do so we will create a new directory in our user’s home and then configure the default configuration file of Nginx to make a few adjustments.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ mkdir ~/public_html</span>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default</span></pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV9SIKfpXV6bLg_JroksDY1_yuyspJjZZbF6IvGI3L-48kGc4DHAwBbWzYoGxTnPcXiFeuOJhWaaQjWg0VQaXWm0DPrsNRZHs3bKi2GGkI1wpNmlD-3d-ru7luYj0IDacnSzQKQhPZZwVR/s1600/hugo_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV9SIKfpXV6bLg_JroksDY1_yuyspJjZZbF6IvGI3L-48kGc4DHAwBbWzYoGxTnPcXiFeuOJhWaaQjWg0VQaXWm0DPrsNRZHs3bKi2GGkI1wpNmlD-3d-ru7luYj0IDacnSzQKQhPZZwVR/s1600/hugo_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Make sure that you have changed the document root path and server name according to your server IP address or domain name.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then restart Nginx services, so that the changes will be applied.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ sudo service nginx restart</span></pre>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Creating Post-Receive Hook to Deploy Hugo Site</span></u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In this step we will be ready to work on post-receive hook deployment scripts by creating a new file in the ‘hooks’ directory present in the bare directory of our production server.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Change your directory to the ‘hooks’ and create a new file and put the following contents in it as shown below.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">$ cd hugo_web.git/hooks/
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web.git/hooks$ vim post-receive

GIT_REPO=$HOME/hugo_web.git
WORKING_DIRECTORY=$HOME/hugo_web-working
PUBLIC_WWW=$HOME/public_html
BACKUP_WWW=$HOME/backup_html
MY_DOMAIN=162.253.55.241

set -e

rm -rf $WORKING_DIRECTORY
rsync -aqz $PUBLIC_WWW/ $BACKUP_WWW
trap "echo 'An issue has been occurred.  Reverting to backup.'; rsync -aqz --del $BACKUP_WWW/ $PUBLIC_WWW; rm -rf $WORKING_DIRECTORY" EXIT

git clone $GIT_REPO $WORKING_DIRECTORY
rm -rf $PUBLIC_WWW/*
/usr/bin/hugo -s $WORKING_DIRECTORY -d $PUBLIC_WWW -b "http://${MY_DOMAIN}"
rm -rf $WORKING_DIRECTORY
trap – EXIT</code></span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In this file, after indicating the bash script, we have setup the ‘git_repo’ to our bare repository. Then, mention the ‘Working_Directory’ to clone this bare repository, while the ‘<b>Public_www</b>’ variable and backup web folder will be kept accessible through the ‘<b>Backup_www</b>’ variable.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One thing that you should keep in mind is to change ‘My_Domain’ parameter with your production server’s IP. In the second part of the script, use a bash command, ‘set -e’ to exit immediately in case of any error.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the last part of our script we have used the ‘trap’ command, so that in case of deployment failure the trap command will restore our backup copy to the web document root directory.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW24K7bWVwmrWS4uW2gMlADMNQIiWuO4Ff3sRhzr8ekMChQf9kAh22eyeTybzzgMjvrFQO-IwnJmS9HaVOPcSnkBXbLvEFB5V6rwqPP5W3L8iECG_hm-v84PhSa6sjFudLTDUY6lLJ-8GO/s1600/Post-Receive-Hook-to-Deploy-Hugo-Site_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW24K7bWVwmrWS4uW2gMlADMNQIiWuO4Ff3sRhzr8ekMChQf9kAh22eyeTybzzgMjvrFQO-IwnJmS9HaVOPcSnkBXbLvEFB5V6rwqPP5W3L8iECG_hm-v84PhSa6sjFudLTDUY6lLJ-8GO/s1600/Post-Receive-Hook-to-Deploy-Hugo-Site_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After completing the file configuration, use below command to give it executable permissions.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web.git/hooks$ chmod +x post-receive</span></pre>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Testing Deployment System</span></u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is the last step to test our production deployment system after completing the configurations. To do so, simply execute the bash script that we created in the previous step.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web.git/hooks$ bash post-receive</span>

<code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cloning into '/home/ubuntu/hugo_web-working'...
done.
0 of 2 drafts rendered
0 future content
2 pages created
0 paginator pages created
0 tags created
0 categories created
in 17 ms</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now you can open your web browser by giving the IP or FQDN of your production server to see the same contents you have configured in your pre-prod server.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you wish to add some more content, go back to your development server and run the command below to add a new post.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web$ hugo new post/Testing-Deployment.md</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A new file will be opened in your default editor, so put some new contents and close the file after saving the changes. Then run the following commands to add the contents to git and commit the changes.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">root@ubuntu:~/hugo_web$ git add .</span>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">root@ubuntu:~/hugo_web$ git commit -m 'Deployment test'</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now run the following command to deploy the new contents on the pre-prod to the production server.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">root@ubuntu</span>:~/hugo_web$ git push prod master</span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now visit your production server’s IP address in your web browser. You will be glad to see your new content in your web browser.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">www.hackthesec.co.in</a><br /><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/" target="_blank">Hackthesec</a></div>
</div>
</div>

How To Deploy a Hugo Site to Production with Git Hooks on Ubuntu 14.04

Deploy a Hugo Site to Production with Git Hooks on Ubuntu Hugo is an open source static site generator. Static site generators build a w...

How to configure HTTP authentication with Nginx on Ubuntu 14.04

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">/usr/bin/htpasswd</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now, we can proceed with the creation of our `<b>.htpasswd</b>` file which will contain the information about the username and the password.</span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Creating User and Password</u></span></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here we will create a `<b>.htpasswd</b>` file under the document root directory of our virtual host or website being served by Nginx. Let’s run the following command that will create the file and add the user with an encrypted password.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: large;">root@ubuntu-14:~# htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd testuser</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVW17xmzge_IJln7Rlctu5l5kT3iFkzkj5WhD2SoDbs7uWGnQaK2PAc1MgVNKgxtE5eWCDNDDiKMQo66q4t5yx2X2pAhe9nHPSS1vi6xHfEp6KE-IPnKMiG_gN9JZFYH5DV7xBxXSdnkSN/s1600/htpasswd_creation_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVW17xmzge_IJln7Rlctu5l5kT3iFkzkj5WhD2SoDbs7uWGnQaK2PAc1MgVNKgxtE5eWCDNDDiKMQo66q4t5yx2X2pAhe9nHPSS1vi6xHfEp6KE-IPnKMiG_gN9JZFYH5DV7xBxXSdnkSN/s1600/htpasswd_creation_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the above command we can describe the used parameters where `<b>/etc/nginx/</b>` is the directory that we want to set for the authentication while `testuser` is the new user name that will be used for authentication purposes. So after executing the command, it will ask for the new password to set for the new user and that’s it! We’re done with the new user setup for our web directory.</span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Nginx Configurations Update</u></span></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now we will modify the Nginx configuration file to use the .htpasswd file. In our case, we will be using our virtual host’s Nginx configuration file located in `<b>/etc/nginx/sites-available/</b>` directory. Make sure that you are using the right configuration file as your domain config may have a different name.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Let’s open the virtual host conf file using any editor you are comfortable with.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: large;">root@ubuntu-14:~# vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/test.com</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Press `i` for insertion mode and add the following two lines as required under the servers section.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">auth_basic "Username and Password required";</span>

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Press `<b>Esc</b>` key and type `<b>:wq!</b>` to save the changes in the configuration file of your virtual hosts file.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4PHxeW48OBrfVbBBKGiuBjj9PDz_Fp_wS5iY5d5nRAtwmZqpzLTGDWz55hzt9Ar1qI7ZLKcG_oNIK-Zksu0M809U0IPOnyREdkXiUl34VwgczgI983sR2gA2op-jqv4DQtgoRUliELO9x/s1600/htpasswd_setup-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4PHxeW48OBrfVbBBKGiuBjj9PDz_Fp_wS5iY5d5nRAtwmZqpzLTGDWz55hzt9Ar1qI7ZLKcG_oNIK-Zksu0M809U0IPOnyREdkXiUl34VwgczgI983sR2gA2op-jqv4DQtgoRUliELO9x/s1600/htpasswd_setup-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The first line defines the text that we will see in the login box when we access the folder using a web browser and the second one contains the path to our `.htpasswd` file where the username and the password is stored.</span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Restart Nginx</u></span></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now, to implement the changes on our test virtual host, reload or restart the nginx services and access the domain that has been secured using Basic HTTP Authentication.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">root@ubuntu-14:~# service nginx restart</span>

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">* Restarting nginx nginx</span></span></pre>
<h2 style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10.5px; margin-top: 21px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Secure Web Access</u></span></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Access your website by providing your configured domain name or IP address or the domain path that you have secured and you will notice a browser prompt to enter the login and password as shown below. After providing the preconfigured username and password you will be able to see your web page.</span></span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: large;">http://your_domain_name/</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnw_iB7zYNdR3MadSQPQwagLL1-35s8mRghIO4TTMaFI24FGHgOaCKiVcHrxoLM5QHX4JmiZ_N2p-0qDsq4vCdcmsFn3kPkY1qj8zouYkOGrORj2dAkf3xpsGXgAdt3d5BY1IMyPX62Yxd/s1600/login_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnw_iB7zYNdR3MadSQPQwagLL1-35s8mRghIO4TTMaFI24FGHgOaCKiVcHrxoLM5QHX4JmiZ_N2p-0qDsq4vCdcmsFn3kPkY1qj8zouYkOGrORj2dAkf3xpsGXgAdt3d5BY1IMyPX62Yxd/s1600/login_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
</div>

How to configure HTTP authentication with Nginx on Ubuntu 14.04

HTTP authentication with Nginx on Ubuntu HTTP supports the use of several authentication mechanisms to control access to pages and other...

How to protect your SSH server with Fail2Ban on Ubuntu

enabled  = true
port     = ssh
filter   = sshd
logpath  = /var/log/auth.log
maxretry = 4</span></code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This section makes <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/SSH_Security" target="_blank">SSH monitoring active</a>, it listens on the SSH port for the ssh dameon, using the log file location <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><b>/var/log/auth.log</b></code> and bans the IP address of the user that will have 4 failed login attempts.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After all settings are made, we need to restart fail2ban and it will start monitoring the log files according to our settings, you can also check which rules are currently applied with the following <b><code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">iptables</code> </b>command.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Fail2ban is one of the most widely used applications when it comes to server security. It is very simple and effective, so you shouldn’t think twice in order to decide to install it on your server. It is a must have application.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>

How to protect your SSH server with Fail2Ban on Ubuntu

Protect your SSH server with Fail2Ban on Ubuntu The most suitable application for this purpose is Fail2ban . It is an intrusion prevent...

How To Install and Host Ghost with Nginx on Ubuntu

location / {
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;

proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:2368;
        proxy_redirect off;
    }
}
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Next, we need to create a symbolic link to activate the configuration.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/ghost /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ghost
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">If we restart nginx and start ghost again, we should get Ghost welcome page in our browser. If that is the case, we are done with the installation. The last thing we need to do is to make us able to start/stop the Ghost service like any other server on Ubuntu, using service start and service stop commands. In order to do that we need to create new file in <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/init</span></code> directory.</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># cd /etc/init
# edit ghost.conf
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">and paste the following content in it:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: menlo, monaco, consolas, 'courier new', monospace; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># ghost

# description "An Upstart task to make sure that my Ghost server is always running"
# author "Your Name Here"

start on startup

script
    cd /root/ghost
    npm start
end script</code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: menlo, monaco, consolas, courier new, monospace;">
</span></code></pre>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: menlo, monaco, consolas, courier new, monospace;">service ghost stop 
service ghost start 
service ghost restart </span></code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">That concludes the configuration. Now we have fully functional ghost server that will start automatically when system boots up. We can enjoy our blogging on a beautifully designed platform dedicated to that.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>

How To Install and Host Ghost with Nginx on Ubuntu

Install & Host Ghost with Nginx on Ubuntu Ghost is an Open Source application which allows us to write and publish our own blog, g...

How To Install and Use EasyEngine (ee) on Ubuntu

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 39px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 21px 0px 0px;">
<u><span style="color: red;">Install and Use EasyEngine (ee) on Ubuntu</span></u></h1>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">EasyEngine (ee) is a <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Linux" target="_blank">linux </a>shell-script collection, which makes managing your WordPress and Nginx sites on an Ubuntu server easy and fun. EasyEngine makes it very easy to manage Nginx and we will no longer need to recall complex commands or depend on system administrators. As an interface for Nginx, EasyEngine is known to perform better and faster than Apache, particularly when the number of concurrent site visitors is on the rise.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjSPhHU0P90hvQURr1K3fZxmkxpK4N3JmMoz__EBgtD_StRGXWP9PATEoSWd3GJrguHKfie42Iz3MNwxME0XPJy_tZIrtsrEewIfpwOui_1YnVL53xSH2fVrehL1T0dwGAICmhPSise73p/s1600/easyengine-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjSPhHU0P90hvQURr1K3fZxmkxpK4N3JmMoz__EBgtD_StRGXWP9PATEoSWd3GJrguHKfie42Iz3MNwxME0XPJy_tZIrtsrEewIfpwOui_1YnVL53xSH2fVrehL1T0dwGAICmhPSise73p/s1600/easyengine-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Easy Engine would work on any <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Debian" target="_blank">Debian-based</a> distribution, but for these tutorial we are using Ubuntu. Most of the official tests are also done on Ubuntu. In order to install it our <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu server</a>, we need to have full root access. Installation process consists of several commands and it is actually pretty simple and straight forward:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"># curl -sL rt.cx/ee | sudo bash
# ee system install</span></code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The first command will install easy engine, and the second command will install all other required packages. EE will always install the latest stable version of the packages (Latest PHP, MySQL, etc.) During the installation we will get few prompts where we need to answer “yes” in order for the installation to complete. Once we have it installed, we can create new wordpress with the command:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"># ee site create our-domain.com --wp
</span></code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">This will create and install fresh and clean WordPress installation that will be accessible at http://our-domain.com. EasyEngine supports several types of WordPress websites as well as non WordPress websites. Here is a list of all websites and commands to create them:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Standard WordPress Sites</u></span></strong></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;">ee site create example.com --wp     # install wordpress without any page caching
ee site create example.com --w3tc     # install wordpress with w3-total-cache plugin
ee site create example.com --wpsc     # install wordpress with wp-super-cache plugin
ee site create example.com --wpfc     # install wordpress + nginx fastcgi_cache</span></code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Multisite WordPress with sub-directory</u></span></strong></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;">ee site create example.com --wpsubdir     # install wpmu-subdirectory without any page caching
ee site create example.com --wpsubdir --w3tc     # install wpmu-subdirectory with w3-total-cache plugin
ee site create example.com --wpsubdir --wpsc     # install wpmu-subdirectory with wp-super-cache plugin
ee site create example.com --wpsubdir --wpfc     # install wpmu-subdirectory + nginx fastcgi_cache</span></code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Multisite WordPress with sub-domain</u></span></strong></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;">ee site create example.com --wpsubdom     # install wpmu-subdomain without any page caching
ee site create example.com --wpsubdom --w3tc     # install wpmu-subdomain with w3-total-cache plugin
ee site create example.com --wpsubdom --wpsc     # install wpmu-subdomain with wp-super-cache plugin
ee site create example.com --wpsubdom --wpfc     # install wpmu-subdomain + nginx fastcgi_cache</span></code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Standard Website</u></span></strong></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;">ee site create example.com --html           # create example.com for static/html sites
ee site create example.com --php      # create example.com with php support
ee site create example.com --mysql      # create example.com with php & mysql support</span></code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: #333333;">Different configuration options for EasyEngine can be set in the </span><code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/easyengine/ee.conf</span></code><span style="color: #333333;"> file. We can choose to use remote MySQL host, set basic HTTP authentication, default username and password for new wordpress installations, etc. All we have to do is open the file and using our favorite text editor and do the changes. The file is very well documented.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Upgrading easy engine is the latest version is also very easy. If we are upgrading from easyengine 1.0 to 1.1 and above, we should use the command:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;"># /bin/bash

If we are upgrading from version 1.1 and above we should use the command

# ee update</span></code><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</code></pre>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">This concludes the easy part, installation and configuration. According to EasyEngine created, the hardest part is the create WordPress page with high traffic and heavy enough to crash it. So, you can give it a try on your VPS.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 10.5px;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
</div>

How To Install and Use EasyEngine (ee) on Ubuntu

Install and Use EasyEngine (ee) on Ubuntu EasyEngine (ee) is a linux shell-script collection, which makes managing your WordPress and Ng...

How to host multiple Ghost instances on a single server

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<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: #fdfdfd; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 39px; line-height: 1.1; margin: 21px 0px 0px;">
<u><i><span style="color: red;">Multiple Ghost instances on a single server</span></i></u></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Ghost is great and simple to use blogging platform, with clean and easy to use interface, having just the options that every user need in order to create and maintain their blog. In this tutorial we will discuss how to have more ghost instance on a single <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu server</a>, each of them completely independent having its own content and specific settings. We are assuming that we already have one ghost single instance properly running for our domain <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my-first-blog.com</code> using Nginx as web server.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Before we proceed to add our second ghost instance, it is better if we stop the related servers that are running:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># service ghost stop
# service nginx stop
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now that we have the services stopped, first we need to modify nginx configuration. While having one instance, we were using on default nginx configuration file for our website. Now, we must have separate configuration file for every ghost instance that we are going to host on our server. We change to nginx configuration folder and execute the following commands:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
# mv default my-first-blog.com
# cp my-first-blog.com my-second-blog.com
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, we need to open both files using our favorite editor and edit the server_name directive to match our domain name. For the first file, we should have:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">server_name my-first-blog.com
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Similar, in the second file, we should have:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">server_name my-second-blog.com
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another parameter that we need to change is the port on which nginx connects to ghost. By default, when we have one instance, all traffic is sent to one port. We can use any port number higher than 1024 that is currently not in use. Let’s pick the first one, 1025, open <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">my-second-blog.com</code> configuration file in our favorite editor and change to port parameter as follows:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">proxy_pass http://localhost:1025
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We are done with nginx configuration modification, so we can start Nginx</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># service nginx start
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, we need to configure ghost. First, we need to go to the <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;">/var/www</code> directory and create separate folder for each Ghost instance:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># cd /var/www/
# mkdir my-first-blog.com
# mkdir my-second-blog.com
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then, we need to copy the content of the ghost directory in each of the newly created folders:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># cp -r ghost my-first-blog.com
# cp -r ghost my-second-blog.com
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Next, we need to locate <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">config.js</span></code> file which is inside <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">ghost/</span></code> directory. For the first site, file location is<code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/var/www/my-first-blog.com/ghost/config.js</span></code> and we need to change the URL parameter only, so it looks as follows:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">production: {
    url: 'http://my-first-blog.com'
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For the second blog, file location is <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/var/www/my-second-blog.com/ghost/config.js</span></code> and we need to change the URL and port parameter as well, so it looks as follows:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">production: {
    url: 'http://my-second-blog.com'
...
    port: '1025'
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now we are done with the configuration. We need to create a way to easy start/stop each Ghost instance. In order to do that, we will create separate file inside <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/init</span></code> directory for each instance. For example, for our first blog, we will have the file <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/init/ghost-my-first-blog.conf</span></code> with the following content:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">start on startup

script
    cd /var/www/my-first-blog.com/ghost
    npm start --production
end script
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Similar, for the second file, we will have the file <code style="background-color: #f9f2f4; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16.2px; padding: 2px 4px;"><span style="color: red;">/etc/init/ghost-my-second-blog.conf</span></code> with the following content:</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">start on startup

script
    cd /var/www/my-second-blog.com/ghost
    npm start --production
end script
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After this is saved, we can start the blogs with</span></div>
<pre style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857; margin-bottom: 10.5px; overflow: auto; padding: 10px; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"># service ghost-my-first-blog start
# service ghost-my-second-blog start
</code></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As long as we are using different port number, we can repeat this procedure as many times as we need and have multiple blog instances hosted on our server.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></span></div>
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How to host multiple Ghost instances on a single server

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