Hack The Sec-Leading Resource Of Linux Tutorial: Rhel7

How to change MAC Address in CentOS 7

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<u><span style="color: red;">Change MAC Address in CentOS 7 </span></u></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">This tutorial will show you how to change MAC Address in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/centos7" target="_blank">CentOS 7</a>. I assure you this is a perfectly working and tested method. In many cases you need to change MAC to allow internet access or run any MAC based licensed software like Radius Manager. So for those situations here we go.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><u>Steps to change MAC Address in CentOS 7:</u></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 17.1px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 25.65px;">Update CentOS Repositories by:</span></h3>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: left; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 17.1px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">yum install update
</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Install nano (for editing config files) and net-tools (for enabling ifconfig command).</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">yum install nano net-tools
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Go to the ethernet configuration file.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">nano /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Add the following line. Replace the current MAC with your desired MAC Address.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">MACADDR=00:0C:29:24:79:76
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Save the configuration file</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">Restart the networking process.</span></div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;">service network restart
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">You are done. Now, verify by issuing ifconfig command</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">If you have a windows machine in the same network. Issue </span><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">arp -d</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;"> to delete current ARP table. Then ping CentOS 7 IP Address from Windows PC. Next issue </span><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">arp -a</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', Palatino, serif; font-size: 17.1px; line-height: 25.65px;">. You will find the changed MAC next to your CentOS 7 IP Address.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/">www.hackthesec.co.in</a></div>
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How to change MAC Address in CentOS 7

Change MAC Address in CentOS 7 This tutorial will show you how to change MAC Address in CentOS 7 . I assure you this is a perfectly wor...

How Install VLC Media Player in RHEL/CentOS 7/6 and Fedora 23-20

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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">VLC Media Player in <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a>/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS</a>/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Fedora" target="_blank">Fedora</a></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">VLC media player (commonly known as VLC) is a portable, free and open-source, cross-platform media player and streaming media server written by the VideoLAN project. VLC is available for desktop operating systems as also mobile platforms as Android, iPad, iPhone, and iPod Touch. VLC is also available on App stores such as Apple's App Store.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">VLC media player supports many audio and video compression methods and file formats, including DVD-Video, video CD and streaming protocols. It is able to stream media over computer networks and to transcode multimedia files.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The default distribution of VLC includes a large number of free decoding and encoding libraries, avoiding the need for finding/calibrating proprietary plugins. The libavcodec library from the FFmpeg project provides many of VLC's codecs, but the player mainly uses its own muxers, and demuxers. It also has its own protocol implementations. It also gained distinction as the first player to support playback of encrypted DVDs on Linux and OS X by using the libdvdcss DVD decryption library</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><u>Install EPEL and Nux Dextop Repositories on RHEL/CentOS</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">Install </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Epel</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> and </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nux Dextop</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> repository for your </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Linux OS</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> distribution using following links. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.8px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u>For RHEL/CentOS 7</u></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;"># rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"># rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><b><u>For RHEL/CentOS 6</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;">------------------ On 32-Bit Systems ------------------
</span><span style="color: lime;"># rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"># rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/i386/nux-dextop-release-0-3.el6.nux.noarch.rpm
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</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;">------------------ On 64-Bit Systems ------------------</span><span style="color: white;">
# </span><span style="color: lime;">rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</span><span style="color: white;">

# rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-2.el6.nux.noarch.rpm</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><b><u>Installing RPMFusion Repository on Fedora</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">The </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RPMFusion</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> repository comes as pre-installed, if not you can follow below commands install and enable it as shown:</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.8px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u><b>For Fedora 23-20</b></u></span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">yum localinstall</span><span style="color: white;"> --nogpgcheck http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm 
</span></span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"># </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;">yum localinstall --nogpgcheck</span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"> http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">Once you’ve all the repositories installed on your system, Now check vlc avalable or not through bellow command line</span></span></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"># yum </span><span style="color: lime;">info vlc</span><span style="color: white;">
# dnf info </span><span style="color: lime;">vlc         </span><span style="color: white;">[On Fedora 23+ releases]</span></span><span style="color: white;">

Sample Output : -

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * nux-dextop: li.nux.ro
 * remi-safe: remi.check-update.co.uk
 * rpmforge: kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
Available Packages
Name        : vlc
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 2.2.1
Release     : 6.el7.nux
Size        : 1.5 M
Repo        : nux-dextop/x86_64
Summary     : The cross-platform open-source multimedia framework, player and
            : server
URL         : http://www.videolan.org
License     : GPLv2+
Description : VLC media player is a highly portable multimedia player and
            : multimedia framework capable of reading most audio and video
            : formats as well as DVDs, Audio CDs VCDs, and various streaming
            : protocols. It can also be used as a media converter or a server to
            : stream in uni-cast or multi-cast in IPv4 or IPv6 on networks.
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now install it by running the following command on the terminal.</span></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># yum install vlc
</span><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">dnf install vlc </span><span style="color: white;">      [On Fedora 23+ releases]</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.8px;"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><u>Starting VLC Player in RHEL/CentOS/Fedora</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">Run the following command from the </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Desktop</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> terminal as </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">normal user</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> to Launch the </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">VLC</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> player. (</span><b><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Note</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;"> : </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">VLC is not supposed to be run as root user</span></b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28.8px;">).</span></span><br />
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;">$ vlc</span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMcjtjPJCTRYQORox-dB4kiwvX-kaBt2S0o_-4FIYrjbZLYz2UE-BYKCsuvdxohcaJV8UY6RN9ycoHuDIXrHf08UDdZrlep3PdSnIvPoW26NQ_T3dpjcqcfkKEnOQFz6eDclbwOr9WZFJj/s1600/vlc_2.2.2-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMcjtjPJCTRYQORox-dB4kiwvX-kaBt2S0o_-4FIYrjbZLYz2UE-BYKCsuvdxohcaJV8UY6RN9ycoHuDIXrHf08UDdZrlep3PdSnIvPoW26NQ_T3dpjcqcfkKEnOQFz6eDclbwOr9WZFJj/s1600/vlc_2.2.2-www.hackthesec.co.in.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /> <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Update</span> or <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Upgrade</span> <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">VLC</span> player to latest stable version.Run the following command</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 16.9px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">yum update vlc</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: lime;"># dnf update vlc      [On Fedora 23+ releases]</span></span></span></pre>
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</div>

How Install VLC Media Player in RHEL/CentOS 7/6 and Fedora 23-20

VLC Media Player in RHEL / CentOS / Fedora VLC media player (commonly known as VLC) is a portable, free and open-source, cross-platform...

How to Install and Setup LXC Linux Containers on CentOS / RHEL / Ubuntu

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<h1 class="headline" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 39px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><span style="color: red;"><i>Install and Setup LXC Linux Containers on <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS </a>/ <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a> / <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Ubuntu" target="_blank">Ubuntu</a></i></span></u></h1>
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LXC stands for Linux Containers.</div>
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Linux containers are light-weight “<b><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/virtualization" target="_blank">virtualization</a></b>” methods that runs multiple virtual units simultaneously on a single control host on a single Linux kernel.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOZeXvFNPHWXn8Isj3wRhdre9lDCWekmwavYmO8_49JrfLx2pyB2IgZ4aavWENrUkTf8SZUvLSChpYL22ynG5Bx7xJfWsV-R7HrsZpEajWd0zJOiTfbB_FAFC8jfxIQxYQcunCTzZUr0Qn/s1600/containers_LXC-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOZeXvFNPHWXn8Isj3wRhdre9lDCWekmwavYmO8_49JrfLx2pyB2IgZ4aavWENrUkTf8SZUvLSChpYL22ynG5Bx7xJfWsV-R7HrsZpEajWd0zJOiTfbB_FAFC8jfxIQxYQcunCTzZUr0Qn/s200/containers_LXC-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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The Linux kernel contains cgroups for resource isolation (CPU, memory, block I/O, network, etc, ), which does not require starting any virtual machines.<br />
<span id="more-16727" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Cgroups also provides namespace isolation to completely isolate application view of the operating environment, including process trees, networks, userids and mounted filesystems.</div>
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LXC is open source software and licensed under GNU LGPLv2.1+ license.</div>
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Containers actually make use of kernel features called namespaces, cgroups, and chroots, to carve off a contained area.</div>
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So, the end result of LXC looks much like a virtual machine, but without any hypervisor.</div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>1. Pre-req for LXC Install</u></span></h3>
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Before you install LXC, make sure your system is up-to-date using yum update as shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">yum </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">update</span></span></pre>
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LXC is dependent on two libraries; libpcap and libcgroup. This also requires busybox and bridge utilities.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Install the following required packages for our LXC install.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">yum install </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">libcap-devel libcgroup busybox wget bridge-utils</span></span></pre>
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Let us make sure we got all the compilers and related development tools that are required to compile and install any software from source code.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">yum groupinstall "</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Development tools</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">"</span></span></pre>
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<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">2. Download LXC Linux Containers</span></u></h3>
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Download the latest version of the LXC from <a href="https://linuxcontainers.org/lxc/downloads/" style="color: #dd0000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Linux Containers Project</a>.</div>
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Use wget to download the tar ball of the latest stable version of LXC to your machine as shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">wget </span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">http://linuxcontainers.org/downloads/lxc-1.1.5.tar.gz</span></span></pre>
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If you get a certificate related error message while using the above wget, then use the no-check-certificate option as shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">wget --no-check-certificate</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> https://linuxcontainers.org/downloads/lxc-1.1.5.tar.gz</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Alternatively, if you prefer, you can also use git clone to download the latest development version or stable version as shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">git clone</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> git://github.com/lxc/lxc -b {branch}</span></span></pre>
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In the above command, the {branch} can either be “master” for the current development branch, or “stable-1.0″ for the stable update branch of the 1.0 version.</div>
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<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">3. Configure Bridged Adapter</span></u></h3>
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Next, create a bridged adapter and configure the static IP on the bridged adapter as shown in the following ifcfg-eth0 example. Ensure your physical adapter points to this bridged adapter in ifcfg-eth0.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$</span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> cd /etc/sysconfig/</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">network-scripts</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">

</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$</span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> vi </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">ifcfg-br0</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">

DEVICE="br0"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
NETMASK="255.255.255.xxx"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Bridge"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"</span></span></pre>
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Replace all the “xxx” in the above file with the values that matches your ip-address and networkmask. For example, change the IPADDR value in the above file to the ip-address of your machine.</div>
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<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">4. Install LXC Linux Container</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Next, untar the LXC tar ball, that we downloaded earlier, execute the ./configure, and do make and make install, to install the LXC on your system as shown below.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
By default, this will install all the lxc binaries under /usr/local/bin directory.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">tar xvfz </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lxc-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">

</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">make && make install</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The following are few of the last few lines from the output for the above ./configure command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">./configure
...
...
config.status: creating src/python-lxc/setup.py
config.status: creating src/lua-lxc/Makefile
config.status: executing depfiles commands
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">config.status: executing default commands
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">----------------------------
Environment:
 - compiler: gcc
 - distribution: <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">centos</a>
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - init script type(s): sysvinit
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> - rpath: no
 - GnuTLS: no
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - Bash integration: yes
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Security features:
 - Apparmor: no
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - Linux capabilities: yes
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;"> - seccomp: no
 - SELinux: no
 - cgmanager: no
Bindings:
 - lua: no
 - python3: no
Documentation:
 - examples: yes
 - API documentation: yes
 - user documentation: no
Debugging:
 - tests: no
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - mutex debugging: no
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Paths:
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> - Logs in configpath: no</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The following are the last few lines from the output for the above make command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">make</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
...
Building full member lists recursively...
Adding members to member groups.
...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Generating style sheet...
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Generating index page...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Generating page index...
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Generating example documentation...
Generating file sources...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Generating code for file /usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/src/lxc/attach_options.h...
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Generating code for file /usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/src/lxc/lxccontainer.h...
Generating code for file /usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/src/lxc/lxclock.h...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Generating file documentation...
Generating docs for file /usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/src/lxc/attach_options.h...</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
...
Generating file member index...
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/doc/api'
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/doc'
...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Making all in hooks
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/hooks'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for `all'</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">.
...</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The following are the last few lines from the output for the above make install command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">make install</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
...
Making install in hooks
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/save/lxc-1.1.5/hooks'
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/share/lxc/hooks'
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> /usr/bin/install -c clonehostname mountecryptfsroot ubuntu-cloud-prep squid-deb-proxy-client '/usr/local/share/lxc/hooks'
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">...
/bin/mkdir -p /usr/local/var/lib/lxc
/bin/mkdir -p /usr/local/var/cache/lxc
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig'
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;"> /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 lxc.pc '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig'
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">...</span></span></pre>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">5. Create Soft Link for LXC Shared Libraries</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Execute lxc-info to verify that the LXC is installed successfully. If everything is installed properly, we’ll see a message saying that the give container name (for example, test) doesn’t exist. We have not created any container at this stage. We just want to make sure this command is not throwing any shared library related errors.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lxc-info --name test</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
test doesn't exist</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Depending on how things on configured on your system, you might also get the following liblxc.so.1 library related error message.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">lxc-info --name test
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lxc-info: error while loading shared libraries: liblxc.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
In this case, to fix it, create a link called libxc.so.1 as shown below, which will point to the correct version of the liblxc.so.x.x.x file.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">ln -s </span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">/usr/local/lib/liblxc.so.1.1.5 /lib64/liblxc.so.1</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">

</span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">ls -l /lib64/liblxc.so.1
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 30 Jan 20 09:17 /lib64/liblxc.so.1 -> /usr/local/lib/liblxc.so.1.1.5</span></span></pre>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">6. Verify LXC Setup and Configuration</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
Next, you can also execute the lxc-checkconfig to verify that your lxc environment is setup correctly.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
The following will have output in four different sections: 1) Namespaces, 2) Control Groups 3) Misc and 4) Checkpoint/Restore. Partial output is shown below.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: medium; line-height: 1.3em;">root@hackthesec:~$ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">lxc-checkconfig</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
Kernel configuration not found at /proc/config.gz; searching...
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Kernel configuration found at /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">--- Namespaces ---
Namespaces: enabled
Utsname namespace: enabled
Ipc namespace: enabled
Pid namespace: enabled
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">User namespace: enabled
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Network namespace: enabled
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Multiple /dev/pts instances: enabled
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">--- Control groups ---
Cgroup: enabled
Cgroup namespace: enabled
Cgroup device: enabled
Cgroup sched: enabled
Cgroup cpu account: enabled
..
--- Misc ---
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Veth pair device: enabled
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">Macvlan: enabled
Vlan: enabled
Bridges: enabled
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">Advanced netfilter: enabled
</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">..
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">--- Checkpoint/Restore ---
CONFIG_EVENTFD: enabled
CONFIG_EPOLL: enabled</span><span style="color: white; font-size: medium;">
..
Note : Before booting a new kernel, you can check its configuration
</span><span style="color: lime; font-size: medium;">usage : CONFIG=/path/to/config /usr/local/bin/lxc-checkconfig</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
If everything is configured properly on your system, in the above output, all of the options in the above groups should say “enabled”.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , "times" , serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/p/about-us.html">http://www.hackthesec.co.in/p/about-us.html</a></span></span></div>
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How to Install and Setup LXC Linux Containers on CentOS / RHEL / Ubuntu

Install and Setup LXC Linux Containers on CentOS / RHEL / Ubuntu LXC stands for Linux Containers. Linux containers are light-weight ...

How To Implement Access Control List (ACL) For CentOS/RHEL 7

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<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Oswald, Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 50px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><u><i>Implement Access Control List (ACL) For <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/centos7" target="_blank">CentOS 7</a>/<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Rhel7" target="_blank">RHEL7</a></i></u></span></h1>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Oswald, Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 35px; margin: 0px 0px 1.3em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">What is Access Control List (ACL)?</span></h2>
<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Oswald, Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 50px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em; text-align: justify;">
Files and directories or folders have permission sets for the owner of the file along with the group associated with that file and all other users of that system. But these permission sets have some limitations. For example, different permissions cannot be configured for different users. Thus, Access Control Lists (ACLs) were implemented.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja6tAt72f7R2vpZVJA3KHfQvRNKL3pGNGINSQz0xsbdbkejdSXEGO9wyyw8oUuR_Ab3FdBwh2DB7u7jWidvDVqfFAjyL5yDRn_PbTBr81setJqqD3Non0xXkTBSh66BBoDsG0Un8tw4wmZ/s1600/acls_map_mini_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja6tAt72f7R2vpZVJA3KHfQvRNKL3pGNGINSQz0xsbdbkejdSXEGO9wyyw8oUuR_Ab3FdBwh2DB7u7jWidvDVqfFAjyL5yDRn_PbTBr81setJqqD3Non0xXkTBSh66BBoDsG0Un8tw4wmZ/s1600/acls_map_mini_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em;">
ACLs can be configured as follows<br /></div>
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: disc;">Per user</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: disc;">Per group</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: disc;">For users not in the user group for the file</li>
</ul>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em; text-align: justify;">
ACL  provides an additional flexible permission mechanism for file system on a Linux system. It enhance the traditional <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Unix" target="_blank">UNIX </a>file permissions for files & folder. With ACL, you can give permissions for any user or any group with fine-grained access rights.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em; text-align: justify;">
ACLs can be configured per user, per group or via the effective rights mask. These permissions then can be apply to an individual user or a group, and also you can use the same as rwx (Read, Write, Execute) found in regular file / folder permissions.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em; text-align: justify;">
ACLs requires kernel support and your kernel musk support <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/ACL_Permission" target="_blank">ACL </a>in order to implement ACL on your Linux distribution. Along with support in the kernel, the acl package is also required to implement ACLs. Acl package contains the utilities used to add, modify, remove, and retrieve ACL information from a file / folder.</div>
</h1>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Oswald, Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 35px; margin: 0px 0px 1.3em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Why CentOS Linux?</span></h2>
<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Oswald, Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 50px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em; text-align: justify;">
CentOS Linux is a community-supported distribution derived from sources freely provided to the public by Red Hat for Red Hat Enterprise Linux (<a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/RHEL" target="_blank">RHEL</a>). As such, CentOS Linux aims to be functionally compatible with <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Rhel7" target="_blank">RHEL</a>. The <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/Centos" target="_blank">CentOS </a>Project mainly changes packages to remove upstream vendor branding and artwork. CentOS Linux is no-cost and free to redistribute. Each CentOS version is maintained for up to 10 years (by means of security updates — the duration of the support interval by Red Hat has varied over time with respect to Sources released). A new CentOS version is released approximately every 2 years and each CentOS version is periodically updated (roughly every 6 months) to support newer hardware. This results in a secure, low-maintenance, reliable, predictable and reproducible Linux environment.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em;">
You can download CentOS from <a href="https://wiki.centos.org/Download" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff5a00; text-decoration: none; transition: background 0.2s ease-out, color 0.2s ease-out;">here</a>. You can directly download the ISO file format disk image from <a href="http://buildlogs.centos.org/rolling/7/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD.iso" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff5a00; text-decoration: none; transition: background 0.2s ease-out, color 0.2s ease-out;">here</a>.</div>
</h1>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 1.3em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #134f5c; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Oswald, Lato, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 35px;"><u>Prerequisites</u></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em;">Before beginning, you must know whether your Linux OS kernel supports ACL or not.</span></h2>
<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Oswald, Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 50px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em;">
First, switch to root user. This is not required if your current local user have sudo privileges. This is only for this tutorial. Do not practise this for regular system administration.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[centos@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> su - </span></span></span></pre>
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<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em;">
Type your root user password for continue.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em;">
To know whether your kernel supports ACL or not, type the following command in a terminal.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> cat /boot/config-4.1.6-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64 | grep _ACL
</span></span></span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em;">
<span style="line-height: 28.8px;">After issuing the above command, you will see something like this which indicates that your kernel has the support for ACL.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIi2x0ycBCGtjAIFDoExd04UN41bjWMVbDEFXQA7nwqiDmzJLLY0hqA1K66cOhmrNJzOwmQ3yIW89RKcEl6tZRkxdPR1H6IBCbloVQIrwC-7Yz290DDNlU-wkVIrOSwop2OoeZBdmcTw4Y/s1600/ACL_Result-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIi2x0ycBCGtjAIFDoExd04UN41bjWMVbDEFXQA7nwqiDmzJLLY0hqA1K66cOhmrNJzOwmQ3yIW89RKcEl6tZRkxdPR1H6IBCbloVQIrwC-7Yz290DDNlU-wkVIrOSwop2OoeZBdmcTw4Y/s1600/ACL_Result-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em;">
<span style="line-height: 28.8px;">Now, let’s check whether we have the ACL package installed on our system or not. To check such case, issue the below command in a terminal.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> rpm -qa | grep acl</span></span></span></pre>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em;">
<span style="line-height: 28.8px;">You you will see something like below image.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_A1ehPxvggr1zMMLLuhmgi48ZgbBj1LhDvO8jnD27xeOjfM6VvXLeinWgtU16XTzW2iNhmmAMWLUXHIHaBve-9UXTw3_KeawuL8AjPmNaiv3QO3UmOXA90V-dbpkiazaVtJAfGTCG8an_/s1600/ACL_grep-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_A1ehPxvggr1zMMLLuhmgi48ZgbBj1LhDvO8jnD27xeOjfM6VvXLeinWgtU16XTzW2iNhmmAMWLUXHIHaBve-9UXTw3_KeawuL8AjPmNaiv3QO3UmOXA90V-dbpkiazaVtJAfGTCG8an_/s1600/ACL_grep-www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; margin-top: 0.9em;">
<span style="line-height: 28.8px;">If you don’t have ACL package installed on your system, then issue the below command to install ACL package onto your system.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> yum install acl</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
</h1>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">Let’s Start</span></h2>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Mounting File Systems</span></div>
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Before using any ACLs for a file or directory, the partition for the file or directory must be mounted with ACL support.</div>
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A local file system can be mounted with the following command syntax shown as below.</div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> mount /dev/sdb /acltest</span></span></span></pre>
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Here, <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">/dev/sdb</span> is a disk device block and <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">acltest</span> is the folder where it will be mounted for access.</div>
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After that, you need to edit the file <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">/etc/fstab</span> for the <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">/dev/sdb</span> partition and you need to include the acl as follows. This will mount <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">/dev/sdb</span> automatically whenever you are rebooting your system.</div>
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Open the file by using the following command.</div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> vi /etc/fstab</span></span></span></pre>
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and then type the following on the /etc/fstab file.</div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> /dev/sdb /acltest ext4 acl 1 2</span></span></span></pre>
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Save & exit from the file /etc/fstab. So, whenever you will reboot, your partition will be mounted automatically with acl support.</div>
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After editing the file we need to remount the partition again. To do so,</div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> mount -o remount,acl /dev/sdb</span></span></span></pre>
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You can issue the below command to confirm whether your previous remount command worked or not.</div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); color: #333333; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> mount</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: Lato, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28.8px;"> Now Create a user . and SET password</span></div>
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<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> useradd hackthesec1
</span><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> passwd hackthesec1</span></span></span></pre>
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To test acl, we will need at least two users and I will use root and hackthesec1. However you can use different users and it’s up to you.</div>
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First we create a file <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">demoacltest.txt</span> in folder <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">/acltest </span>folder path location.</div>
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We will add acl for user hackthesec1 which will allow hackthesec 1user to write /acltest/demoacltest.txt file.</div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> setfacl -R -m u:</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;">hackthesec1:rwx /acttest/demoacltest.txt
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">
and for default permission just use this command bellow

</span><span style="font-size: large;">[root@hackthesec]# setfacl -R -m d:u:hackthesec1:rwx /acltest/demoacltest.txt</span></span></span></pre>
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Now if you want to see the file permission just run the bellow command</div>
<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 19.2px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> getfacl</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"> /acttest/demoacltest.txt
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">

Result: - 
#file: acltest/demoacltest.txt
#owner: root
#group: root
#flags: -s-
user::rwx
user::hackthesec1:rwx
group::rwx
mask::rwx
other::---
default:user::rwx
default:user:hackthesec1:rwx
default:group::--x
default:mask::rwx
default:other::--x</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><u>Removing any acls</u></span></h2>
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To remove all of the currently defined ACLs from a file or folder, issue the below command.</div>
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<pre style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #3c3c3c; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;">[root@hackthesec]#</span><span style="color: lime;"> setfacl -b </span><span style="color: white;">/acltest/demoacltest.txt</span></span></span></pre>
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Here, demoacltest.txt is a file name.</div>
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How To Implement Access Control List (ACL) For CentOS/RHEL 7

Implement Access Control List (ACL) For CentOS 7 / RHEL7 What is Access Control List (ACL)? Files and directories or folders have per...

How to Setup Lighttpd Web server on CentOS/RHEL 7 and Ubuntu 15.04

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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><u><i>Lighttpd Web server on CentOS /RHEL 7 / Ubuntu 15</i></u></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , "times" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;">lighttpd (pronounced "lighty") is an open-source web server optimized for speed-critical environments while remaining standards-compliant, secure and flexible.[citation needed] It was originally written by Jan Kneschke as a proof-of-concept of the c10k problem – how to handle 10,000 connections in parallel on one server, but has gained worldwide popularity</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , "times" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Installing Lighttpd</span></h2>
</div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<strong><u><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">CentOS 7</span></u></strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As lighttpd is not available in the official repository of <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/search/label/centos7" target="_blank">CentOS 7</a>, we'll need to install <a href="http://www.hackthesec.co.in/2016/01/how-to-install-epel-repo-on-centos-and.html" target="_blank">epel </a>additional repository to our system. and I have centos <span style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px;">Instance </span><span style="line-height: 25px;">so my tutorial is on centos</span></span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># yum install epel-release</span></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Then, we'll gonna update our system and proceed towards the installation of lighttpd.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># yum update

</span><span style="color: lime;"># yum install lighttpd</span></span></span></pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLP1TDNZ4UPZ2-8SBb72TSgGlwn-lcyMdkNcuE9XtZcBvs1vpIQgDMGPhJsvZK30KAHbYFTAlsi4t-EUGTwXcAH94cYl265QaVFDzRlmU2eiCBbBC2rbQiTYKIg8QNOPtwixIlfAjLt0RA/s1600/Lighttpd_installation_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLP1TDNZ4UPZ2-8SBb72TSgGlwn-lcyMdkNcuE9XtZcBvs1vpIQgDMGPhJsvZK30KAHbYFTAlsi4t-EUGTwXcAH94cYl265QaVFDzRlmU2eiCBbBC2rbQiTYKIg8QNOPtwixIlfAjLt0RA/s640/Lighttpd_installation_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<strong><u>Ubuntu 15.04</u></strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Lighttpd is available on the official repository of Ubuntu 15.04 so, we'll simply update our local repository index and then go for the installation of lighttpd using ubuntu command line.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># apt-get update

</span><span style="color: lime;"># apt-get install lighttpd</span></span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAjNBBcwqoKO_ef8cBtd-OhBhZ8sdhM08yiF1xiDLhGeyA9KYqIbC62t-RTV1ZYUALuCcPk9VPP2eeIcmVVLE2ewObNS6HZIe8RkrOrNfaUK-__f6gPcirg5nimdZQxgzKsQCVYamPcWUb/s1600/install-lighttpd-ubuntu_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAjNBBcwqoKO_ef8cBtd-OhBhZ8sdhM08yiF1xiDLhGeyA9KYqIbC62t-RTV1ZYUALuCcPk9VPP2eeIcmVVLE2ewObNS6HZIe8RkrOrNfaUK-__f6gPcirg5nimdZQxgzKsQCVYamPcWUb/s1600/install-lighttpd-ubuntu_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Installing from Source</u></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
If we wanna install lighttpd from the latest version of source code ie 1.4.39, we'll need to compile the source code and install it into our system. First of all, we'll need to install the dependencies required to compile it.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"># cd /tmp/
# wget http://download.lighttpd.net/lighttpd/releases-1.4.x/lighttpd-1.4.39.tar.gz
</span></span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
After its downloaded, we'll need to extract it the tarball by running the following.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># </span><span style="color: lime;">tar -zxvf</span><span style="color: white;"> lighttpd-1.4.39.tar.gz
</span></span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll compile it by running the following commands.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"># cd lighttpd-1.4.39
# ./configure
# make</span>
</span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<strong>Note: </strong>we are installing lighttpd with its standard configuration. If you wanna configure beyond the standard configuration and want to install more features like support for SSL, mod_rewrite, mod_redirect then you can configure.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Once, compiled completed, we'll install it in our system.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># make install
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Configuring Lighttpd</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
If we need to configure our lighttpd web server further as our requirements, we can make changes to the default configuration file ie /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf  we'll need to run the following command for checking the conf file</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># lighttpd -t -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
</span><span style="color: white;">

[root@hackthesec lighttpd]# lighttpd -t -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
Syntax OK
[root@hackthesec lighttpd]#</span></span><span style="color: white;">

</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">On CentOS 7</span></u></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
we are running CentOS 7, we'll need to create a new directory for our webroot defined in our lighttpd's default configuration ie /src/www/htdocs/ .</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: lime; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># mkdir -p /srv/www/htdocs/
</span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Then, we'll copy the default welcome page from /var/www/lighttpd/ directory to the above created directory.</span></div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># cp -r /var/www/</span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd</span><span style="color: white;">/* /srv/www/htdocs/
</span></span></span></pre>
<div>
<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Starting and Enabling Services</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Now, we'll gonna start our  lighttpd server by executing the following systemctl command.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># systemctl start </span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Now enable it to start automatically in every system boot.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># systemctl </span><span style="color: lime;">enable lighttpd</span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Allowing Firewall</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
 To allow port 80 or http service, we'll need to run the following commands.</div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"># firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
</span><span style="color: white;">
success

# firewall-cmd --reload

</span><span style="color: lime;">success</span></span><span style="color: white;">
</span></span></pre>
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
In my case i don't have any firewall on my centos server..Here is the screenshot bellow</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMIIlM-xw4eorcGHr6aL1x0dMOi5T1RdIcoid_59TueO2r4kVjNUyciJ1dsnuKBkSLn2P6oNEyPKxfACQ5GLLMV5Zn07p1ifk5BevQOFYhtX9k27Dn4YoVKQh1K7DZ3l2ficrJf3ynyIhA/s1600/lighttpd_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMIIlM-xw4eorcGHr6aL1x0dMOi5T1RdIcoid_59TueO2r4kVjNUyciJ1dsnuKBkSLn2P6oNEyPKxfACQ5GLLMV5Zn07p1ifk5BevQOFYhtX9k27Dn4YoVKQh1K7DZ3l2ficrJf3ynyIhA/s640/lighttpd_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Accessing Web Server</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
As we have allowed port 80 which is the default port of lighttpd, we should be able to access lighttpd's welcome page.Access the server through domain name or ip adress<br />
example - http://lighttpd.hackthesec.co.in</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZdbyEuKpZUfoZg3mm0IxStdF5mTTkQ-bbkyyALe-ut682-cIAUsfgrGzI0a_hYlMXRqUYDnBROJxlneeNdwG5B3RDiO0bXWhVC-_mkxLb8uo23U36NXkIYFZJj7yJhjsL5agp263n5oQ/s1600/lighttpd-welcome-page_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZdbyEuKpZUfoZg3mm0IxStdF5mTTkQ-bbkyyALe-ut682-cIAUsfgrGzI0a_hYlMXRqUYDnBROJxlneeNdwG5B3RDiO0bXWhVC-_mkxLb8uo23U36NXkIYFZJj7yJhjsL5agp263n5oQ/s640/lighttpd-welcome-page_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
</h2>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Installing PHP5 Modules</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Once our lighttpd is installed successfully, we'll need to install PHP and some PHP modules to run PHP5 scripts in our lighttpd web server.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">On Ubuntu 15.04</span></u></h3>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># apt-get install php5 php5-cgi php5-fpm php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php5-imagick php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php-pear</span></span></pre>
</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>On CentOS 7</u></span></h3>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># yum install php php-cgi php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-gd php-intl php-pecl-imagick php-mcrypt php-memcache php-pear lighttpd-fastcgi</span></span></pre>
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEOCDpQ7FIKKitclo-YfqIKWI5xf9IVsz4gSY4iUrSV8DNxBl4YntihxIhxHEykuhFKlIToqz1wGa_P9XSFf-1qKhS4o8l9qGsU4zUduiY7xn5zw7sqozmziPVoE0eJy21XbsSZt-roPra/s1600/lighttpd_php_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEOCDpQ7FIKKitclo-YfqIKWI5xf9IVsz4gSY4iUrSV8DNxBl4YntihxIhxHEykuhFKlIToqz1wGa_P9XSFf-1qKhS4o8l9qGsU4zUduiY7xn5zw7sqozmziPVoE0eJy21XbsSZt-roPra/s640/lighttpd_php_configuration_www.hackthesec.co.in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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</h2>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>Configuring Lighttpd with PHP</u></span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
To make PHP work with lighttpd web server, we'll need to follow the following methods respect to the distribution we are running.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>On CentOS 7</u></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
First of all, we'll need to edit our php configuration ie /etc/php.ini and uncomment a line <strong>cgi.fix_pathinfo=1</strong> using a text editor.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /etc/</span><span style="color: lime;">php.ini</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
After its done, we'll need to change the ownership of PHP-FPM process from apache to lightpd. To do so, we'll need to open the configuration file /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf using a text editor.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /etc/php-fpm.d/</span><span style="color: lime;">www.conf</span></span></span></pre>
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Then, we'll append the file with the following configurations.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;">user = </span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd</span><span style="color: white;">
</span><span style="color: lime;">group </span><span style="color: white;">= lighttpd</span></span></span></pre>
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Once done, we'll need to save the file and exit the text editor. Then, we'll need to include fastcgi module from /etc/lighttpd/modules.conf configuration file.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /etc/lighttpd/</span><span style="color: lime;">modules.conf</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll need to uncomment the following line by removing # from it.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">include </span><span style="color: white;">"conf.d/fastcgi.conf"</span></span></span></pre>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
At last, we'll need to configure our fastcgi configuration file using our favorite text editor.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /etc/</span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd/conf.d</span><span style="color: white;">/fastcgi.conf</span></span></span></pre>
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Then, we'll need to add the following lines at the end of the file.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: lime;">fastcgi.server</span><span style="color: white;"> += ( ".php" =>
((
"host" => "127.0.0.1",
"port" => "9000",
</span><span style="color: lime;">"broken-scriptfilename" => "enable"
</span><span style="color: white;">))
)</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
After its done, we'll save the file and exit the text editor.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><u>On Ubuntu 15.04</u></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
To enable fastcgi with lighttpd web server, we'll simply need to execute the following commands.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># lighttpd-enable-mod </span><span style="color: lime;">fastcgi</span><span style="color: white;">

Enabling fastcgi: ok
Run /etc/init.d/lighttpd force-reload to enable changes

# lighttpd-enable-mod fastcgi-php

</span><span style="color: lime;">Enabling fastcgi-php: ok
</span><span style="color: white;">Run /etc/init.d/lighttpd force-reload to enable changes</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll reload our lighttpd by running the following command.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># systemctl force-reload </span><span style="color: lime;">lighttpd</span></span></span></pre>
</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;">
<u><span style="color: #0b5394;">Testing if PHP is working</span></u></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
In order to see if PHP is working as expected or not, we'll need to create a new php file under the webroot of our lighttpd web server. Here, in this tutorial we have /var/www/html in Ubuntu and /srv/www/htdocs in CentOS as the default webroot so, we'll create a info.php file under it using a text editor.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">On CentOS 7</span></strong></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"># nano  /var/www/info.php</span></span></pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
<strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">On Ubuntu 15.04</span></strong></div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="color: white;"># nano /srv/www/htdocs/</span><span style="color: lime;">info</span><span style="color: white;">.php</span></span></span></pre>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Then, we'll simply add the following line into the file.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(60, 60, 60); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 15.6px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white;"><?php </span><span style="color: lime;">phpinfo</span><span style="color: white;">(); ?></span></span></span></pre>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Once done, we'll simply save the file and exit from the text editor.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; word-break: break-word;">
Now, we'll open our running lighttpd using its ip address or domain name with the <b>info.php</b> file path as http://lighttpd.hackthesec.co.in/info.php. after that you can see the <b>phpinfo </b>page</div>
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How to Setup Lighttpd Web server on CentOS/RHEL 7 and Ubuntu 15.04

Lighttpd Web server on CentOS /RHEL 7 / Ubuntu 15 lighttpd (pronounced "lighty") is an open-source web server optimized for sp...